13 research outputs found
Characterization of the interfacial interaction of PCC nano powder with tallow fatty acids for HDPE compounding
No full textMugar Precipitated Calcium Carbonate (MPCC) Nano-Powders were synthesized using a solution approach and coated with tallow fatty acid to enhance their compatibility with high-density polyethylene (HDPE) composites. The coated MPCC (MCPCC) nanoparticles were incorporated into HDPE to improve interfacial interaction, tensile strength, and toughness. The study investigated the effects of varying MPCC weight percentages (0–40 %) and the role of the tallow fatty acid coating in optimizing composite properties. Thermal, structural, and morphological analyses, including TGA, XRD, FTIR, DLS, and SEM, were conducted to evaluate the dispersion and interfacial interactions between MPCC and the HDPE matrix. The results demonstrated that the tallow coating significantly improved the mechanical properties of the composites. Notably, the coated MPCC nanoparticles enhanced tensile strength and toughness compared to uncoated counterparts, with the coating also contributing to better thermal stability. The research highlights the innovative use of tallow fatty acid as a coating agent to improve filler-matrix compatibility, a distinction from previous studies that often rely on synthetic or non-biodegradable coatings. This approach not only enhances the mechanical and thermal properties of HDPE composites but also offers a sustainable alternative for industrial applications. Further optimization of coating processes and particle size distribution could lead to even greater improvements in composite performance
Chemical Composition and Extraction of Micro Crystalline Cellulose from Outer Skin Isolated Coffee Husk
No full textCoffee husk (CH) is a sustainable and abundantly available cellulosic waste material. Its fiber consists of cellulose as the major structural part which leads to potential utilization for the manufacturing of microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) products that can be utilized for different industrial applications. In the present study, chemical composition of outer skin-isolated coffee husk was determined and sequential treatments of various untreated (UT) sample, ethanol—toluene treated sample through dewaxed (DW) treatment, sodium hydroxide (NaOH)—treated sample through alkali (AT) treatment, and sulfuric acid (H2SO4)—treated sample through bleaching (BL) treatment have been carried out. The Micro Crystalline Cellulose (MCC) has been extracted through hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) after BL treatment. The BL treatment for MCC extraction process was conducted without chlorine and additional harsh acid treatment, respectively. The characterization of chemically treated samples was carried out to investigate their morphological, physico-chemistry, and thermal behavior through a scanning electron microscope (SEM), Fourier transform infrared—ray (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA), and differential temperature analyzer (DTA). From the chemical composition analysis; the cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin, and extractive content were determined and its values were (52.9%), (12.5%), (24.3%), and (9.4%), respectively. In the morphological examination, the great untreated (UT) fiber sample was greatly reduced into a micro-sized BL sample, revealing that (from FTIR analysis) the lignin and hemicellulose contents were greatly removed during chemical treatments and the presence of a micro crystalline cellulose region with 54.7% yield. Also, the sample AT and BL showed the lowest amorphous region in X-RD due to the removal of hemicellulose and lignin. The highest crystallinity index has been determined for the BL sample, i.e., 89.9%. Additionally, the thermal analysis shows that the AT and BL sample has great thermal stability than other (UT and DW) samples at high temperature. Therefore, the outer skin separated coffee husk was prepared from agricultural waste was subjected to eco-friendly chemical treatments to yield MCC. Thus, the extracted MCC is expected to be reliable for replacing other plant materials for the production of crystalline nanomaterial and reinforcing constituent for the fabrication of bio composite
Physical and mechanical behavior of aluminum-magnesium alloy matrix hybrid composite fabricated through friction stir consolidation process
No full textNowadays metal matrix composite materials are preferable in automotive and aerospace industries due to their mechanical properties and essentially attractive strength to weight ratios. However, their availability in use is limited because of their manufacturing method difficulty and process extravagancy. The aim of this research was to fabricate metal matrix hybrid composite through a novel approach thermo-mechanical method called friction stir consolidation (FSC) process. XRD result witnessed the presence of SiC, ZrO 2 , and AZ61 alloy phases. Different compositions of AZ61, SiC, and ZrO 2 powder were taken into consideration and the progression of the FSC process were examined through properties of compressive strength, hardness, density, and porosity. For instance, the compressive yield strength of composition 85%Vol. of AZ61, 10%Vol. of ZrO 2 , and 5%Vol. of SiC accounts 164.2 MPa with an acceptable 2.2451 g/cm 3 and 0.593% density and porosity respectively. However, when the strength to weight ratio was taken into consideration, 95%Vol. of AZ61, 2.5%Vol. of ZrO 2 , and 2.5%Vol. of SiC composition attained highest strength to weight ratio value. Additionally, the compressive yield strength value increased directly proportional with the ZrO 2 volumetric composition. Likewise, the fractured surface of sample acquired highest strength to weight ratio was examined through SEM Fractography analysis
Optimization of porosity behavior of hybrid reinforced titanium metal matrix composite through RSM, ANN, and GA for multi-objective parameters
No full textAbstract Titanium matrix composites (TMCs) have high specific strength and stiffness, and high-temperature TMCs can reduce weight by up to 50% when compared with monolithic super alloys while preserving equal stiffness and strength in jet engine systems for propulsion. The purpose of this work examines the use of mathematical models and learning approaches to optimize response such as porosity and control variables in synthesized hybrid titanium metal matrix composites (HTMMCs) reinforced by B4C-SiC-MoS2-ZrO2. To further understand the impacts of process factors on porosity reduction, the study employs methodologies such as the response surface methodology (RSM), integrated artificial neural networks (ANN), and genetic algorithm (GA). The findings indicate that these strategies have the potential to contribute to the industry. The optimal combination of 7.5wt.% SiC, 7.5wt.% B4C, 7.5wt.% ZrO2, 4wt.% MoS2, and 73.5wt.% Ti compositions was determined utilizing process factors such as milling period (6h), compaction pressure (50MPa), compact duration (50min), sintering temperature (1200°C), and sintering time (2h) as compared to pure Ti grade 5. The mechanical properties of the optimum combination of reinforcement weight percentage and process parameters resulted in a minimum porosity of 0.118%, density of 4.36gcm3, and micro-hardness of 63.4HRC boosted by 1.76%, and compressive strength of 2500MPa increased by 2.6%. In addition, these HTMMCs had a minimal wear rate of 0.176mm3/Nm and a corrosion resistance rate of 2.15×10-4mmpy. The investigation result analysis discovered that the RSM and combined ANN-GA models considerably enhanced the forecasting of multidimensional interaction difficulties in composite material production that were highly statistically connected, with R 2 values of 0.9552 and 0.97984. The ANN-GA model provided a 95% confidence range for porosity predictions, which increased the production use of titanium-based particle composites. Furthermore, HMMCs can be utilized in the automotive and aviation industries with enhanced corrosion and wear resistance
Effects of Processing Parameters on the Corrosion Performance of Plasma Electrolytic Oxidation Grown Oxide on Commercially Pure Aluminum
No full textThe plasma electrolyte oxidation (PEO) process has been considered an environmentally friendly surface engineering method for improving the corrosion resistance of light weight metals. In this work, the corrosion resistance of commercially pure Al and PEO treated Al substrates were studied. The PEO layers were grown on commercially pure aluminum substrates using two different alkaline electrolytes with different addition concentrations of Si3N4 nanoparticles (0, 0.5 and 1.5 gL−1) and different duty cycles (25%, 50%, and 80%) at a fixed frequency. The corrosion properties of PEO coatings were investigated by the potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy test in 3.5 wt.% NaCl solutions. It showed that the weight gains, layer thickness and surface roughness of the PEO grown oxide layer increased with increasing concentrations of Si3N4 nanoparticles. The layer thickness, surface roughness, pore size, and porosity of the PEO oxide layer decreased with decreasing duty cycle. The layer thickness and weight gain of PEO coating followed a linear relationship. The PEO layer grown using the Na2B4O7∙10H2O contained electrolyte showed an excellent corrosion resistance and low surface roughness than other PEO coatings with Si3N4 nanoparticle additives. It is noticed that the corrosion performance of PEO coatings were not improved by the addition of Si3N4 nanoparticle in the electrolytic solutions, possibly due to its detrimental effect to the formation of a dense microstructure
High-purity amorphous silica from industrial filter cake waste: synthesis and process optimization
No full textThe globally increasing concern over industrial byproducts highlights the need for sustainable waste management solutions. Repurposing such byproducts offers a promising approach to sustaining development. This study focuses on the extraction of silica from filter cake waste (FCW). Amorphous silica was successfully synthesized through sol–gel method using acetic acid as the precipitation agent. XRD and SEM analyses were used to confirm the crystal structure of silica to be amorphous, while FTIR studies identified characteristic Si−O−Si bonds, indicating high purity of the extract. The silica purity was further validated by EDS analysis to be about 98.98%. Optimization of the extraction process was carried through variation of parameters such as NaOH concentration, temperature, and stirring time, resulting in a maximum yield of 54%
Effect of Sintering Temperatures, Reinforcement Size on Mechanical Properties and Fortification Mechanisms on the Particle Size Distribution of B(4)C, SiC and ZrO(2) in Titanium Metal Matrix Composites
No full textTitanium metal matrix composites/TMMCs are reinforced ceramic reinforcements that have been developed and used in the automotive, biological, implants, and aerospace fields. At high temperatures, TMMCs can provide up to 50% weight reduction compared to monolithic super alloys while maintaining comparable quality or state of strength. The objective of this research was the analysis and evaluation of the effect/influence of different sintering temperatures, reinforcement size dependence of mechanical properties, and fortification mechanisms on the particle size distribution of B(4)C, SiC, and ZrO(2) reinforced TMMCs that were produced and fabricated by powder metallurgy/PM. SEM, XRD, a Rockwell hardness tester, and the Archimedes principle were used in this analysis. The composites’ hardness, approximation, tensile, yielding, and ultimate strength were all increased. As the composite was reinforced with low-density ceramics material and particles, its density decreased. The volume and void content in all the synthesized specimens is below 1%; this is the result of good sample densification, mechanical properties and uniform distribution of the reinforced particle samples; 5% B(4)C, 12.5% SiC, 7.5% ZrO(2), 75% Ti develop higher mechanical properties, such as higher hardness, approximation tensile, yielding, and ultimate strength and low porosity
Author Correction: Mapping local patterns of childhood overweight and wasting in low- and middle-income countries between 2000 and 2017 (Nature Medicine, (2020), 26, 5, (750-759), 10.1038/s41591-020-0807-6)
No full textAn amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper. © 2020, The Author(s)
Author Correction: Mapping local patterns of childhood overweight and wasting in low- and middle-income countries between 2000 and 2017 (Nature Medicine, (2020), 26, 5, (750-759), 10.1038/s41591-020-0807-6)
No full textAn amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper. © 2020, The Author(s)
Author Correction: Mapping local patterns of childhood overweight and wasting in low- and middle-income countries between 2000 and 2017 (Nature Medicine, (2020), 26, 5, (750-759), 10.1038/s41591-020-0807-6)
No full textAn amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper. © 2020, The Author(s)
