14 research outputs found
The Scenic Beauty of Geosites and Its Relation to Their Scientific Value and Geoscience Knowledge of Tourists: A Case Study from Southeastern Spain
No full textsponsorship: The field excursion was sponsored by KU Leuven and VLIR-UOS project. (KU Leuven, VLIR-UOS project)status: Publishe
Inventory and Assessment of Geosites for Geotourism Development in the Eastern and Southeastern Lake Tana Region, Ethiopia
No full textsponsorship: The authors would like to thank the Institutional University Cooperation-Bahir Dar University (IUC-BDU) VLIR-UOS project for providing the necessary funds for conducting this study. In addition, the authors very much acknowledge the support and cooperation of government officials and experts working at different levels in the study area. We are also grateful to the local communities near each geosite who supported our data collection. The authors also thank the two anonymous reviewers and the Editor-in-Chief Kevin Page for their constructive comments and suggestions which helped improve this paper. (Institutional University Cooperation-Bahir Dar University (IUC-BDU) VLIR-UOS project)status: Publishe
Public-private collaboration in the Tourism Industry in Northwestern Ethiopia.
No full textTourism has become an important socio-economic development tool in many parts of the world, including developing countries such as Ethiopia. To sustainably develop the existing and potential destinations, collaboration among key stakeholders is of high importance. Amongst these key actors, the private and public sectors are the leading ones. This study was conducted at the two World Heritage Sites of Ethiopia: Gondar and Lalibela, and the UNESCO registered Biosphere Reserve of Lake Tana, including the UNESCO Learning city of Bahir Dar. These destinations are strategically located in Northwestern Ethiopia, in the Northern historic route of the country which receives the largest number of international visitors of the country. The study area is famous for unique cultural, historical, religious, religious and natural
attractions. The necessary data for this study were mainly collected using a semi-structured in-depth interview methodology. The researchers used a purposive sampling technique and the total samples selected were 35, which was based on theoretical saturation. It was found that the public and private sectors
in the tourism industry in the three destinations, were not working together to the level expected. They were working only in limited areas, and hotels were found to be better participants in the collaboration process. The major challenges for the feeble collaboration are associated with the government’s limitations in
commitment, financial and manpower capacity. For better public-private collaboration, the government should take the leading role and create a conducive environment for collaboration with the private sector, so that tourism can be developed in a way that benefits visitors, businesses and the destinations and remains sustainable
Benefit Segmentation of Tourists to Geosites and Its Implications for Sustainable Development of Geotourism in the Southern Lake Tana Region, Ethiopia
No full textInternational audienceGeotourism is a sustainable type of tourism that focuses on the geological and geomorphological heritages of an area, and the associated cultural and biodiversity features. Though the popularity of geotourism is rapidly growing, research on the demand side, particularly on segmenting tourists to geosites and understanding their profiles, is limited. This obviously makes the designing of effective tourism policies that aim at developing geotourism sustainably very difficult. Hence, the main objectives of this study were to segment and profile tourists to geosites based on the benefits sought, and to show its implications for sustainable development of geotourism. With a survey of 415 tourists, this study clustered tourists to geosites in the southern Lake Tana region in Ethiopia based on the benefits sought. A factor–cluster method was applied to segment the tourists. The study identified four distinct segments: Activity–Nature Lovers, Culture Lovers, Nature–Culture Lovers, and Want-It-Alls. These segments differed in their demographic, trip, and behavioral characteristics. The findings implied that for sustainable development, destination managers and marketers need to customize their geotourism product development and marketing strategies based on the needs and characteristics of each market segmen
Immunohistochemistry-derived subtypes of breast cancer distribution in four regions of Ethiopia
No full textPurpose: Different biological characteristics, therapeutic responses, and diseasespecific
outcomes are associated with different molecular subtypes of breast
cancer (BC). Although there have been different studies on BC in the Ethiopian
capital city of Addis Ababa, there have been few studies in other parts of the
nation, and none have evaluated biological characteristics in other locations in
the context of the extensive ethnic and genetic diversity found in Ethiopia. This
study was carried out to evaluate the distribution of immunohistochemistry (IHC)
subtypes of BCs throughout four Ethiopian regions.
Methods: A total of 227 formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue blocks
were collected from tertiary hospitals in four Ethiopian regions between 2015
and 2021. The IHC staining was performed for subtyping, ER, PR, HER2, and Ki-67
proliferation markers.
Frontiers in Endocrinology 01 frontiersin.org
OPEN ACCESS
EDITED BY
Shahin Sayed,
Aga Khan University Hospital, Kenya
REVIEWED BY
Sallie Schneider,
Baystate Medical Center, United States
Dana Carmen Zaha,
University of Oradea, Romania
Tjokorda Gde Bagus Mahadewa,
Udayana University, Indonesia
*CORRESPONDENCE
Esmael Besufikad Belachew
[email protected]
†These authors have contributed equally to
this work
RECEIVED 29 June 2023
ACCEPTED 20 October 2023
PUBLISHED 09 November 2023
CITATION
Belachew EB, Desta AF, Gebremariam TY,
Deneke DB, Ashenafi S, Yeshi MM,
Fenta BD, Alem AT/H, Alemu A, Abafogi AK,
Desta T, Chanyalew M, Beshah D, Taylor L,
Bauer M, Tsehay D, Girma S, Melka DS,
Tessema TS, Kantelhardt EJ and Howe R
(2023) Immunohistochemistry-derived
subtypes of breast cancer distribution in
four regions of Ethiopia.
Front. Endocrinol. 14:1250189.
doi: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1250189
COPYRIGHT
© 2023 Belachew, Desta, Gebremariam,
Deneke, Ashenafi, Yeshi, Fenta, Alem, Alemu,
Abafogi, Desta, Chanyalew, Beshah, Taylor,
Bauer, Tsehay, Girma, Melka, Tessema,
Kantelhardt and Howe. This is an openaccess
article distributed under the terms of
the Creative Commons Attribution License
(CC BY). The use, distribution or
reproduction in other forums is permitted,
provided the original author(s) and the
copyright owner(s) are credited and that
the original publication in this journal is
cited, in accordance with accepted
academic practice. No use, distribution or
reproduction is permitted which does not
comply with these terms.
TYPE Original Research
PUBLISHED 09 November 2023
DOI 10.3389/fendo.2023.1250189
Results: The mean age at diagnosis was 43.9 years. The percentage of ER and
PR-negative tumors were 48.3% and 53.2%, respectively. The IHC subtypes
showed the following distribution: 33.1% triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC),
27.6% luminal B, 25.2% luminal A, and 14.1% HER2 enriched. In multiple logistic
regression analysis, grade III and HER2 positivity were associated with larger
tumor size, and also originating from Jimma compared to Mekele.
Conclusion: Patients with ER-negative, PR-negative, and TNBC were found in
48.3%, 53.2%, and 33.1% of cases, respectively, showing that half the patients
could potentially benefit from endocrine treatment. A considerably high
prevalence of TNBC was reported in our study, demanding additional research
that includes genetic predisposition factors. Additionally, aggressive tumors were
found in a high percentage of younger age groups, which must be considered
when planning personalized treatment strategies
Progress in health among regions of Ethiopia, 1990-2019 : a subnational country analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019
No full textAbstract: Background Previous Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) studies have reported national health estimates for Ethiopia. Substantial regional variations in socioeconomic status, population, demography, and access to health care within Ethiopia require comparable estimates at the subnational level. The GBD 2019 Ethiopia subnational analysis aimed to measure the progress and disparities in health across nine regions and two chartered cities. Methods We gathered 1057 distinct data sources for Ethiopia and all regions and cities that included census, demographic surveillance, household surveys, disease registry, health service use, disease notifications, and other data for this analysis. Using all available data sources, we estimated the Socio-demographic Index (SDI), total fertility rate (TFR), life expectancy, years of life lost, years lived with disability, disability-adjusted life-years, and risk-factor-attributable health loss with 95% uncertainty intervals (UIs) for Ethiopia's nine regions and two chartered cities from 1990 to 2019. Spatiotemporal Gaussian process regression, cause of death ensemble model, Bayesian meta-regression tool, DisMod-MR 2.1, and other models were used to generate fertility, mortality, cause of death, and disability rates. The risk factor attribution estimations followed the general framework established for comparative risk assessment. Findings The SDI steadily improved in all regions and cities from 1990 to 2019, yet the disparity between the highest and lowest SDI increased by 54% during that period. The TFR declined from 6.91 (95% UI 6.59-7.20) in 1990 to 4.43 (4.01-4.92) in 2019, but the magnitude of decline also varied substantially among regions and cities. In 2019, TFR ranged from 6.41 (5.96-6.86) in Somali to 1.50 (1.26-1.80) in Addis Ababa. Life expectancy improved in Ethiopia by 21.93 years (21.79-22.07), from 46.91 years (45.71-48.11) in 1990 to 68.84 years (67.51-70.18) in 2019. Addis Ababa had the highest life expectancy at 70.86 years (68.91-72.65) in 2019; Afar and Benishangul-Gumuz had the lowest at 63.74 years (61.53-66.01) for Afar and 64.28 (61.99-66.63) for Benishangul-Gumuz. The overall increases in life expectancy were driven by declines in under-5 mortality and mortality from common infectious diseases, nutritional deficiency, and war and conflict. In 2019, the age-standardised all-cause death rate was the highest in Afar at 1353.38 per 100 000 population (1195.69-1526.19). The leading causes of premature mortality for all sexes in Ethiopia in 2019 were neonatal disorders, diarrhoeal diseases, lower respiratory infections, tuberculosis, stroke, HIV/AIDS, ischaemic heart disease, cirrhosis, congenital defects, and diabetes. With high SDIs and life expectancy for all sexes, Addis Ababa, Dire Dawa, and Harari had low rates of premature mortality from the five leading causes, whereas regions with low SDIs and life expectancy for all sexes (Afar and Somali) had high rates of premature mortality from the leading causes. In 2019, child and maternal malnutrition; unsafe water, sanitation, and handwashing; air pollution; high systolic blood pressure; alcohol use; and high fasting plasma glucose were the leading risk factors for health loss across regions and cities. Interpretation There were substantial improvements in health over the past three decades across regions and chartered cities in Ethiopia. However, the progress, measured in SDI, life expectancy, TFR, premature mortality, disability, and risk factors, was not uniform. Federal and regional health policy makers should match strategies, resources, and interventions to disease burden and risk factors across regions and cities to achieve national and regional plans, Sustainable Development Goals, and universal health coverage targets. Copyright (C) 2022 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd
En-gendering theatre in Eritrea : the roles and representations of women in the performing arts
No full textThis thesis is a first attempt at writing a modern theatre historiography of Eritrea, with emphasis on the roles and representations of women. It covers a period of some fifty years, from the late 1930s to 1991, the year of the country's de facto independence. The study is divided into three major sections; Part One providing the context of theatre in Eritrea, Part Two dealing with the emergence of modern Eritrean theatre arts, and Part Three covering the rise of the fighter performing arts during the thirty-year liberation struggle against Ethiopia.
After an introduction to Eritrean history and theatre arts as well as the theoretical framework of the study, Chapter 1 examines women's roles and representations in Eritrean societies and selected traditional performing arts as the
matrix onto which modern performance practices are built.
Chapter 2 starts with a portrayal of early urban women performers in the late 1930s and early 1940s as singers and krar-players in local drinking houses, followed by the gradual expansion of Eritrean theatre arts under the British
Military Administration. Thereafter the establishment of three well-known Eritrean theatre associations is examined, with Chapter 3 focusing on the Asmara Theatre Association, Mahber Theatre Asmara, whose work was eventually brought to a halt by the rise of the Ethiopian Derg regime. An investigation into the cultural troupes of the two liberation movements, the Eritrean Liberation Front
(ELF) and the Eritrean People's Liberation Front (EPLF) is dealt with in Part Three.
Chapter 4 outlines theatre work in the ELF, while Chapters 5-7 present details of EPLF performing arts. Chapter 5 begins with early performance activities until
the strategic retreat in 1978/79, followed by Chapter 6 with an analysis of drama work after the reorganisation of the Division of Culture. Chapter 7 covers theatre
activities in mass organisations and supporting departments and outlines cultural developments during the final years of the liberation war. In conclusion, major trends and directions in post-independence Eritrean theatre arts are summarised as they continue to negotiate recent socio-political problems and developments
The burden and trend of diseases and their risk factors in Australia, 1990–2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019
No full textBackground A comprehensive understanding of temporal trends in the disease burden in Australia is lacking, and these trends are required to inform health service planning and improve population health. We explored the burden and trends of diseases and their risk factors in Australia from 1990 to 2019 through a comprehensive analysis of the Global Burden of Disease Study (GBD) 2019. Methods In this systematic analysis for GBD 2019, we estimated all-cause mortality using the standardised GBD methodology. Data sources included primarily vital registration systems with additional data from sample registrations, censuses, surveys, surveillance, registries, and verbal autopsies. A composite measure of health loss caused by fatal and non-fatal disease burden (disability-adjusted life-years [DALYs]) was calculated as the sum of years of life lost (YLLs) and years of life lived with disability (YLDs). Comparisons between Australia and 14 other high-income countries were made. Findings Life expectancy at birth in Australia improved from 77 center dot 0 years (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 76 center dot 9-77 center dot 1) in 1990 to 82 center dot 9 years (82 center dot 7-83 center dot 1) in 2019. Between 1990 and 2019, the age-standardised death rate decreased from 637 center dot 7 deaths (95% UI 634 center dot 1-641 center dot 3) to 389 center dot 2 deaths (381 center dot 4-397 center dot 6) per 100 000 population. In 2019, non-communicable diseases remained the major cause of mortality in Australia, accounting for 90 center dot 9% (95% UI 90 center dot 4-91 center dot 9) of total deaths, followed by injuries (5 center dot 7%, 5 center dot 3-6 center dot 1) and communicable, maternal, neonatal, and nutritional diseases (3 center dot 3%, 2 center dot 9-3 center dot 7). Ischaemic heart disease, self-harm, tracheal, bronchus, and lung cancer, stroke, and colorectal cancer were the leading causes of YLLs. The leading causes of YLDs were low back pain, depressive disorders, other musculoskeletal diseases, falls, and anxiety disorders. The leading risk factors for DALYs were high BMI, smoking, high blood pressure, high fasting plasma glucose, and drug use. Between 1990 and 2019, all-cause DALYs decreased by 24 center dot 6% (95% UI 21 center dot 5-28 center dot 1). Relative to similar countries, Australia's ranking improved for age-standardised death rates and life expectancy at birth but not for YLDs and YLLs between 1990 and 2019. Interpretation An important challenge for Australia is to address the health needs of people with non-communicable diseases. The health systems must be prepared to address the increasing demands of non-communicable diseases and ageing. Copyright (c) 2023 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY 4.0 license.Correction in: The Lancet Public Health, Volume 8, Issue 12, December 2023, Pages e914DOI: 10.1016/S2468-2667(23)00251-7Correction in: The Lancet Public Health, Volume 8, Issue 9, September 2023, Pages e669DOI: 10.1016/S2468-2667(23)00184-6</p
Mortality, morbidity, and hospitalisations due to influenza lower respiratory tract infections, 2017 : an analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017
No full textAbstract: Background Although the burden of influenza is often discussed in the context of historical pandemics and the threat of future pandemics, every year a substantial burden of lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs) and other respiratory conditions (like chronic obstructive pulmonary disease) are attributable to seasonal influenza. The Global Burden of Disease Study (GBD) 2017 is a systematic scientific effort to quantify the health loss associated with a comprehensive set of diseases and disabilities. In this Article, we focus on LRTIs that can be attributed to influenza. Methods We modelled the LRTI incidence, hospitalisations, and mortality attributable to influenza for every country and selected subnational locations by age and year from 1990 to 2017 as part of GBD 2017. We used a counterfactual approach that first estimated the LRTI incidence, hospitalisations, and mortality and then attributed a fraction of those outcomes to influenza. Findings Influenza LRTI was responsible for an estimated 145 000 (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 99 000-200 000) deaths among all ages in 2017. The influenza LRTI mortality rate was highest among adults older than 70 years (16.4 deaths per 100 000 [95% UI 11.6-21.9]), and the highest rate among all ages was in eastern Europe (5.2 per 100 000 population [95% UI 3.5-7.2]). We estimated that influenza LRTIs accounted for 9 459 000 (95% UI 3 709 000-22 935 000) hospitalisations due to LRTIs and 81 536 000 hospital days (24 330 000-259 851 000). We estimated that 11.5% (95% UI 10.0-12.9) of LRTI episodes were attributable to influenza, corresponding to 54 481 000 (38 465 000-73 864 000) episodes and 8 172 000 severe episodes (5 000 000-13 296 000). Interpretation This comprehensive assessment of the burden of influenza LRTIs shows the substantial annual effect of influenza on global health. Although preparedness planning will be important for potential pandemics, health loss due to seasonal influenza LRTIs should not be overlooked, and vaccine use should be considered. Efforts to improve influenza prevention measures are needed. Copyright (c) 2018 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd
Mortality, morbidity, and hospitalisations due to influenza lower respiratory tract infections, 2017: an analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017
No full textTroeger CE, Blacker BF, Khalil IA, et al. Mortality, morbidity, and hospitalisations due to influenza lower respiratory tract infections, 2017: an analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017. LANCET RESPIRATORY MEDICINE. 2019;7(1):69-89.Background Although the burden of influenza is often discussed in the context of historical pandemics and the threat of future pandemics, every year a substantial burden of lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs) and other respiratory conditions (like chronic obstructive pulmonary disease) are attributable to seasonal influenza. The Global Burden of Disease Study (GBD) 2017 is a systematic scientific effort to quantify the health loss associated with a comprehensive set of diseases and disabilities. In this Article, we focus on LRTIs that can be attributed to influenza.
Methods We modelled the LRTI incidence, hospitalisations, and mortality attributable to influenza for every country and selected subnational locations by age and year from 1990 to 2017 as part of GBD 2017. We used a counterfactual approach that first estimated the LRTI incidence, hospitalisations, and mortality and then attributed a fraction of those outcomes to influenza.
Findings Influenza LRTI was responsible for an estimated 145 000 (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 99 000-200 000) deaths among all ages in 2017. The influenza LRTI mortality rate was highest among adults older than 70 years (16.4 deaths per 100 000 [95% UI 11.6-21.9]), and the highest rate among all ages was in eastern Europe (5.2 per 100 000 population [95% UI 3.5-7.2]). We estimated that influenza LRTIs accounted for 9 459 000 (95% UI 3 709 000-22 935 000) hospitalisations due to LRTIs and 81 536 000 hospital days (24 330 000-259 851 000). We estimated that 11.5% (95% UI 10.0-12.9) of LRTI episodes were attributable to influenza, corresponding to 54 481 000 (38 465 000-73 864 000) episodes and 8 172 000 severe episodes (5 000 000-13 296 000).
Interpretation This comprehensive assessment of the burden of influenza LRTIs shows the substantial annual effect of influenza on global health. Although preparedness planning will be important for potential pandemics, health loss due to seasonal influenza LRTIs should not be overlooked, and vaccine use should be considered. Efforts to improve influenza prevention measures are needed. Copyright (c) 2018 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd
