1,720,954 research outputs found
Study of latent pain sensitization molecular and cellular mechanisms
No full textLa sensibilisation latente à la douleur est un état de susceptibilité durable aux stimuli nociceptifs observée dans des modèles précliniques de douleur et qui contribuerait à la chronicisation de la douleur humaine. Cet état résulterait d’un tonus endogène élevé entre systèmes opioïdes et anti-opioïdes qui persiste après résolution de l’hyperalgésie et qui se manifeste par une nouvelle phase d’hyperalgésie transitoire à la suite d’un stress aigu ou de l’administration d’un antagoniste du système opioïde endogène. Les récepteurs à peptides RF-amides, particulièrement GPR103 et NPFF1R, présentent des propriétés anti-opioïdes et sont activés lors de la phase d’hyperalgésie. Ainsi, le but de ce travail était de déterminer l’implication de ces récepteurs dans la sensibilisation latente à la douleur et les mécanismes moléculaires par lesquels ils y contribuent. Le blocage pharmacologique et génétique de chacun de ces récepteurs prévient et abolit durablement la sensibilisation latente dans différents modèles de douleur. L’analyse du transcriptome a révélé que cet état est lié à la surexpression de transcrits dans la moelle épinière et qui sont rétablies par l’antagoniste de NPFF1R. Ces gènes sont liés à des processus inflammatoires ce qui nous a mené à considérer l’importance de ces processus dans le maintien de ce phénomène. Cette hypothèse a été confirmée par l’administration d’anti-inflammatoires qui effacent la sensibilisation latente à la douleur. Dans l’ensemble, ce projet aura démontré l’implication des récepteurs NPFF1R et GPR103 dans les adaptations à long-terme qui conduisent à la sensibilisation latente à la douleur et que ce phénomène est entretenu par une inflammation latente.Latent pain sensitization is a long-lasting state of nociceptive stimuli susceptibility evidenced in preclinical models of pain that might contribute to pain chronicization in human. This state would result from a high endogenous tonus between opioid and anti-opioid systems that persists after hyperalgesia has resolved and occur by a new transitory phase of hyperalgesia following an acute stress or an opioid system antagonist administration. RF-amide peptides receptors, such as GPR103 and NPFF1R, display anti-opioid properties and are activated during the hyperalgesic state. Thus, the objective of this work was to determine the involvement of those receptors in latent pain sensitization and the molecular mechanisms by which they contribute to it. Pharmacological and genetical blockade of both receptors prevents and abolishes latent pain sensitization in different pain models. Transcriptome analysis revealed that this state is associated with the upregulation of several transcripts in the spinal cord that are reversed by NPFF1R antagonist treatment. Those genes are involved in inflammatory processes which lead us to consider the importance of this process in the maintenance of this phenomenon. This hypothesis was confirmed by anti-inflammatory compounds administration that erases latent pain sensitization. Altogether, this project has demonstrated NPFF1R et GPR103 receptors involvement in the long-lasting adaptations leading to latent pain sensitization and that this phenomenon is sustained by a latent inflammation
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Etude des mécanismes moléculaires et cellulaires de la sensibilisation latente à la douleur.
No full textLatent pain sensitization is a long-lasting state of nociceptive stimuli susceptibility evidenced in preclinical models of pain that might contribute to pain chronicization in human. This state would result from a high endogenous tonus between opioid and anti-opioid systems that persists after hyperalgesia has resolved and occur by a new transitory phase of hyperalgesia following an acute stress or an opioid system antagonist administration. RF-amide peptides receptors, such as GPR103 and NPFF1R, display anti-opioid properties and are activated during the hyperalgesic state. Thus, the objective of this work was to determine the involvement of those receptors in latent pain sensitization and the molecular mechanisms by which they contribute to it. Pharmacological and genetical blockade of both receptors prevents and abolishes latent pain sensitization in different pain models. Transcriptome analysis revealed that this state is associated with the upregulation of several transcripts in the spinal cord that are reversed by NPFF1R antagonist treatment. Those genes are involved in inflammatory processes which lead us to consider the importance of this process in the maintenance of this phenomenon. This hypothesis was confirmed by anti-inflammatory compounds administration that erases latent pain sensitization. Altogether, this project has demonstrated NPFF1R et GPR103 receptors involvement in the long-lasting adaptations leading to latent pain sensitization and that this phenomenon is sustained by a latent inflammation.La sensibilisation latente à la douleur est un état de susceptibilité durable aux stimuli nociceptifs observée dans des modèles précliniques de douleur et qui contribuerait à la chronicisation de la douleur humaine. Cet état résulterait d’un tonus endogène élevé entre systèmes opioïdes et anti-opioïdes qui persiste après résolution de l’hyperalgésie et qui se manifeste par une nouvelle phase d’hyperalgésie transitoire à la suite d’un stress aigu ou de l’administration d’un antagoniste du système opioïde endogène. Les récepteurs à peptides RF-amides, particulièrement GPR103 et NPFF1R, présentent des propriétés anti-opioïdes et sont activés lors de la phase d’hyperalgésie. Ainsi, le but de ce travail était de déterminer l’implication de ces récepteurs dans la sensibilisation latente à la douleur et les mécanismes moléculaires par lesquels ils y contribuent. Le blocage pharmacologique et génétique de chacun de ces récepteurs prévient et abolit durablement la sensibilisation latente dans différents modèles de douleur. L’analyse du transcriptome a révélé que cet état est lié à la surexpression de transcrits dans la moelle épinière et qui sont rétablies par l’antagoniste de NPFF1R. Ces gènes sont liés à des processus inflammatoires ce qui nous a mené à considérer l’importance de ces processus dans le maintien de ce phénomène. Cette hypothèse a été confirmée par l’administration d’anti-inflammatoires qui effacent la sensibilisation latente à la douleur. Dans l’ensemble, ce projet aura démontré l’implication des récepteurs NPFF1R et GPR103 dans les adaptations à long-terme qui conduisent à la sensibilisation latente à la douleur et que ce phénomène est entretenu par une inflammation latente
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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