169,844 research outputs found
De l’évitement à l’approche en gymnastique :une intervention sur la dynamique des buts d’accomplissement
No full textInternational audienceRécemment, Gernigon et collaborateurs (Gernigon, 2013 ; Gernigon, Vallacher & Nowak, 2012) ont proposé un modèle mathématique de la dynamique des motivations d'approche et d'évitement décrivant cette dynamique par l'équation :V(x)= kx–½ x2+ ¼ x4où V(x) est la fonction de potentiel des différents états xque l'état d'implication dans un but peut adopter et k(compris entre +1 et -1 inclus) est un paramètre de contrôle qui spécifie la direction et le degré d'inclinaison du potentiel V(x)vers l'approche ou l'évitement.Dans ce modèle, la valeur du paramètre de contrôle krésulte des interactions entre les attentes de compétence, le bénéfice et la menace pour le soi que véhiculent les buts d'accomplissement, telles que définies par l'équation :k = (c x bs) –[msx (1 –c)]où correspond aux attentes de compétence, bsest le bénéfice potentiel pour le soi, msest la menace potentielle pour le soi.Ainsi, une comparaison sociale ascendante, en contexte de concurrence sportive, pourrait représenter une menace pour le soi susceptible d'accroître la répulsivité d'un but. En s'appuyant sur le modèle de Gernigon et al., l'objectif de la présente intervention était de diminuer chez une jeune gymnaste la perception de menace résultant de la comparaison sociale ascendante activée par la présence de camarades de niveau légèrement supérieur à elle. Le résultat attendu était le remplacement de la motivation d'évitement de cette gymnaste par une motivation d'approche
A test of the dynamical model of goal involvement in regard to ageing people’s involvement in regular physical activity.
No full textInternational audienceIntroduction Recently, Gernigon, Vallacher, and Nowak (2012) theorized goal involvement in achievement contexts as emerging behaviors that can be depicted within a landscape of approach and avoidance attractors, accounted for by the equation: V(x)= kx–½ x2+ ¼ x4. V(x)is the function of the different states xthat the variable under study may adopt and kis a control parameter that specifies the direction and degree of tilt for the potential V(x). The control parameter kresults from a second equation: k= (c× bs) –[ts× (1 –c)], where cis the level of competence expectancies, bsis the potential benefit for the self; and tsis the potential threat for the self.Objectives The purpose ofthis studywas totest whether the control parameter kpredicts ageing people’s involvement in regular physical activity.MethodA sample of 54 elderly persons(14 males, 40 females, Mage= 61.7 ± 2.00)engaged vs. non-‐engaged according to their stage of change for regular physical activity(Bernard et al, 2013) observed the demonstration of a circuit of motor exercises with the perspective of performing it next themselves. Afterwards, they filled in the Achievement Goal Motivational Properties Scale (AGMPS; Gernigon,Montigny, & Klosek, 2013) applied to the goal of performing the circuit.ResultsThe 2 x 2 (M)ANOVAs (Sex x Engagement) and follow-‐up Scheffé tests showed that the engaged group scored higher than the non-‐engaged group onk(p< .01; partial η2= .19), competence expectancies (p<.01; partial η2= .18), and the benefit for the self (p< .05; partial η2= .10).Conclusion The index kpertaining to a specific series of motor tasks, with the largest effect size wasthe best predictor of elderly persons’ involvement in regular physical activity.This finding provides a first evidence for the relevance of Gernigon et al.’s (2012) dynamical model of goal involvement. Furthermore, the dynamical dimension of this model should be tested by testing how goal involvement evolves over time
The dynamics of approach and avoidance motivations in sport: An attempt at agent-based system modeling
No full textInternational audienceBased on the complex dynamical system perspective, approach and avoidance motivations in achievement context have been conceptual-ized by Gernigon et al. (2015) as two competing attractors. The strength of approach and avoidance attractors is assumed to evolve over timedepending on the complex interactions among three key social cognitive variables (competence expectancies, expected benefit for the self, and threat for the self) that take place within and across personal, contextual, and situational levels. The complexity of these interactions is notaccessible via conventional statistical tools, but can be modeled by computer programs (Gernigon et al., 2023) such as Agent-Based Models (ABMs). The first aim of this work was to develop a first version of an ABM capable of simulating the dynamics of approach and avoidance motivational patterns consistently with the literature on achievement motivation and with Gernigon et al.’s (2015) dynamical model of approach and avoidance motivation. The second aim was to compare the data resulting from the simulations with longitudinal datarelating to the motivational states reported weekly by 10 athletes who were pursuing an important mid-term (from 1 to 2 years) goal. De-trended Fluctuation Analysis (DFA; Peng et al., 1993) was used to detect typical signatures of complex dynamical phenomena in the formof 1/f power-law distributions (i.e., pink noise) in the time series of both virtual and ecological data sets. The time series of the ecological datashowed 1/f distributions, whereas those of data resulting from the ABM’s simulations did not (brown noise). In other words, the ecological data did reflect a non-linear dynamics typical of complex systems, whereas virtual data mainly evolved under the influence of random information. Therefore, future improvements to the ABM of approach and avoidance motivation are needed to make the model more able to resist to external perturbations, consistent with the nonlinear dynamics observed in real life
The dynamics of approach and avoidance motivations in sport: An attempt at agent-based system modeling
No full textInternational audienceBased on the complex dynamical system perspective, approach and avoidance motivations in achievement context have been conceptual-ized by Gernigon et al. (2015) as two competing attractors. The strength of approach and avoidance attractors is assumed to evolve over timedepending on the complex interactions among three key social cognitive variables (competence expectancies, expected benefit for the self, and threat for the self) that take place within and across personal, contextual, and situational levels. The complexity of these interactions is notaccessible via conventional statistical tools, but can be modeled by computer programs (Gernigon et al., 2023) such as Agent-Based Models (ABMs). The first aim of this work was to develop a first version of an ABM capable of simulating the dynamics of approach and avoidance motivational patterns consistently with the literature on achievement motivation and with Gernigon et al.’s (2015) dynamical model of approach and avoidance motivation. The second aim was to compare the data resulting from the simulations with longitudinal datarelating to the motivational states reported weekly by 10 athletes who were pursuing an important mid-term (from 1 to 2 years) goal. De-trended Fluctuation Analysis (DFA; Peng et al., 1993) was used to detect typical signatures of complex dynamical phenomena in the formof 1/f power-law distributions (i.e., pink noise) in the time series of both virtual and ecological data sets. The time series of the ecological datashowed 1/f distributions, whereas those of data resulting from the ABM’s simulations did not (brown noise). In other words, the ecological data did reflect a non-linear dynamics typical of complex systems, whereas virtual data mainly evolved under the influence of random information. Therefore, future improvements to the ABM of approach and avoidance motivation are needed to make the model more able to resist to external perturbations, consistent with the nonlinear dynamics observed in real life
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
No full textThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Mitomycin C in highly myopic eyes - Author reply
No full textOphthalmology. 2005 Feb;112(2):208-18; discussion 219.
Mitomycin C modulation of corneal wound healing after photorefractive keratectomy in highly myopic eyes.
Gambato C, Ghirlando A, Moretto E, Busato F, Midena E.
SourceRefractive Surgery Service and Antimetabolite Therapy Research Unit, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.
Abstract
PURPOSE: To evaluate the role of topical mitomycin C in corneal wound healing (CWH) after photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) in highly myopic eyes.
DESIGN: Prospective, double-masked, randomized clinical trial.
PARTICIPANTS: Seventy-two eyes of 36 patients affected by high (>7 diopters) myopia.
METHODS: In each patient, one eye was randomly assigned to PRK with intraoperative topical 0.02% mitomycin C application, and the fellow eye was treated with a placebo. Postoperatively, mitomycin C-treated eyes received artificial tears (3 times daily, tapered in 3 months), whereas the fellow eye was treated with fluorometholone sodium 2% and artificial tears (3 times daily, tapered in 3 months).
MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA) and best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), contrast sensitivity, manifest refraction, and biomicroscopy. Contrast sensitivity was determined using the Pelli-Robson chart. Corneal confocal microscopy documented CWH.
RESULTS: Mean follow-up was 18 months (range, 12-36). No side effects or toxic effects were documented. At 12-month follow-up examination, UCVAs (logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution) were 0.4+/-0.48 and 0.5+/-0.53 (P = .03) in mitomycin C-treated eyes and corticosteroid-treated eyes, respectively. At 1 year, corneal haze developed in 20% of corticosteroid-treated eyes, versus 0% of mitomycin C-treated eyes. At 12, 24, and 36 months, corneal confocal microscopy showed activated keratocytes and extracellular matrix significantly more evident in untreated eyes (Ps = 0.004, 0.024, and 0.046, respectively).
CONCLUSION: Topical intraoperative application of 0.02% mitomycin C can reduce haze formation in highly myopic eyes undergoing PRK.
Comment in
Ophthalmology. 2006 Feb;113(2):357; author reply 357-8
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
No full textWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
A Multi-Language Comparison of Influences on Author Verification using Character N-Grams
No full textWe create a new multi-language corpus for author verification based on Wikipedia talkpages, and evaluate the influence that differences in topic and time have on character n-gram author profiles. Topic alignment between two texts is found to increase author verification precision, and an authors writing style is found to change over time, but not more significantly after 3 years than after 1 year.Information ArchitectureWISElectrical Engineering, Mathematics and Computer Scienc
A 0.12mm<sup>2</sup> Wien-Bridge Temperature Sensor with 0.1°C (3σ) Inaccuracy from -40°C to 180°C
No full text Resistor-based temperature sensors can achieve much higher resolution and energy efficiency than conventional BJT-based sensors [1], but they typically occupy more area (> 0.25 mm 2 ) and have lower operating temperatures (le 125 {circ} {C}) [2]-[4]. This work describes a 0.12mm 2 resistor-based sensor that uses a Wien-bridge (WB) filter to achieve 0.1 {circ} {C} (3 sigma) inaccuracy from - 40 {circ} {C} to 180 {circ} {C}. Compared to a state-of-the-art WB sensor [4], it occupies 6 × less area and achieves comparable relative accuracy over a 76% wider operating range. Session 10.3 Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository ‘You share, we take care!’ – Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.Electronic InstrumentationMicroelectronic
A ±25A Versatile Shunt-Based Current Sensor with 10kHz Bandwidth and ±0.25% Gain Error from -40°C to 85°C Using 2-Current Calibration
No full textAccurate current sensing is critical in many industrial applications, such as battery management and motor control. Precise shunt-based current sensors have been reported with gain errors of less than 1% over the industrial temperature range (-40°C to 85°C) [1]–[4]. However, since they are intended for coulomb counting, their bandwidth is limited to a few tens of Hz, making them unsuitable for battery impedance or motor-current sensing. This paper presents a current sensor with a wide (10kHz) bandwidth and a tunable temperature compensation scheme (TCS), which allows it to be flexibly used with different types of shunts while maintaining high accuracy. A low-cost room-temperature calibration scheme is proposed to optimize gain flatness over temperature by exploiting the shunt's self-heating at large currents. Over the industrial temperature range and a ±25A current range, it achieves state-of-the-art gain error (±0.25%) with both low-cost PCB and stable metal-alloy shunts.Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository 'You share, we take care!' - Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.Electronic InstrumentationMicroelectronic
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