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La Carta degli Antichi Acquedotti: un progetto della Commissione Nazionale Cavità Artificiali della Società Speleologica Italiana
No full textDa molti anni gli speleologi italiani,
parallelamente allo studio delle cavità
naturali di origine carsica o vulcanica
conducono studi approfonditi
in strutture sotterranee di origine antropica:
le cavità artificiali. Si tratta di opere ipogee
di interesse storico, archeologico, geologico
e antropologico, realizzate dall’uomo o riadattate
alle proprie necessità, diffuse in ogni
parte del mondo e diversificate per epoca,
tecnica di realizzazione e destinazione d’uso.
La “Carta degli Antichi Acquedotti” è un
progetto che vide l’avvio nel 2003, per volontà
della Commissione Nazionale Cavità Artificiali,
in occasione dell’Anno Mondiale dell’Acqua,
sulla scia di un altro importante progetto di tutela
della Società Speleologica Italiana: “L’acqua
che berremo” (individuazione e tutela degli
ambienti carsici sotterranei e superficiali)
Gli antichi emissari artificiali dei bacini endoreici
Full text linkLa presenza sul territorio italiano di opere idrauliche risalenti ad epoche passate costituisce un elemento di
notevole importanza storica, che testimonia la capacità dell’uomo di adattarsi alle caratteristiche naturali
dell’ambiente e l’abilità ingegneristica nel costruire opere di controllo del territorio. È un patrimonio culturale
diffuso, spesso così rilevante da costituire un segno identificativo del paesaggio antropizzato.
Nell’Italia centrale esistono numerosi contesti geomorfologici (laghi di origine vulcanica, polje carsici) che
hanno reso necessaria, nel corso dei secoli, la realizzazione di emissari sotterranei per la regolazione dei
livelli idrici di specchi d’acqua permanenti e/o temporanei.
Tali interventi sono stati frequentemente progettati ed eseguiti per diverse finalità antropiche, quali - ma
non solo - l’attività agricola, o per convogliare le risorse idriche verso insediamenti abitativi: gli Etruschi e
poi i Romani, tra il VI sec. a.C. e il II d.C., scavarono imponenti gallerie per mezzo delle quali riuscirono a
regimare numerosi bacini.
Da alcuni anni la Commissione Cavità Artificiali della Società Speleologica Italiana si sta occupando della
classificazione e censimento delle antiche opere idrauliche sotterranee, nell’ambito del Progetto “la Carta
degli Antichi Acquedotti”, della quale si configura come naturale corollario il censimento delle altre opere
idrauliche antiche, quali gli emissari dei laghi vulcanici o dei polje carsici dell’Italia centrale.
In questa sede viene presentato l’elenco aggiornato delle strutture note e la bibliografia generale di riferimento
fin qui acquisita. Vengono inoltre trattati in questo numero di Opera Ipogea, quali primi contributi
di approfondimento, le opere relative ai Colli Albani ed alla Toscana rinviando a successive pubblicazioni
la trattazione degli altri
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Hydraulic works: the Map of the Ancient Underground Aqueducts
Full text linkAmong the many different typologies of artificial caves, hydraulic works deserve a particular attention, being
strongly related to past history and civilization. Without the availability of water, development of settlements
and villages, and establishment of a geographically stable inhabited area were not possible. Starting from
these considerations, in 2003 the Commission on Artificial Cavities of the Italian Speleological Society started
the Project “The Map of Ancient Underground Aqueducts in Italy”.
Italy presents on its territory a huge amount of hydraulic works, showing very long underground stretches,
that represent a valuable documentation of the skill and engineering techniques of the ancient communities.
Due to their mostly underground development, they have often been preserved intact for millennia. During
these years of work, we have been able to collect a great amount of material and information about underground
aqueducts, through both direct caving explorations and analysis of the available documentation; a
detailed register of ancient underground aqueducts in Italy has been thus realized, aimed at safeguarding
these unique works of historical and hydraulic engineering importance. So far, more than 140 underground
aqueducts, distributed all over the Italian territory, have been identified and studied.
In addition to aqueducts, other hydraulic works have also been studied within the project framework: namely,
underground drainage tunnel realized for land reclamation purposes and/or for agricultural practices.
The Project has been advertised through presentations at several Italian and international conferences, and
with a number of publications, including special issues of the journal Opera Ipogea, entirely dedicated to the
project (in 2007 and 2012). A detailed bibliography has been built, with reference to underground hydraulic
works in Italy, and is being continuously updated. The bibliographic list is subdivided on a regional basis,
and, within each region, is in turn divided for each single hydraulic work
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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