127 research outputs found
CHESTWALL COMPLIANCE IN FULL-TERM AND PREMATURE INFANTS
No full text. Gerhardt, T. and Bancalari, E. (Department of Pediatrics, University of Miami, Florida, U.S.A.) Chestwall compliance in full‐term and premature infants. Acta Pediatr Scand, 69: 359, 1980.—Chestwall compliance was determined in 26 premature infants (BW 1 320±410 g, gest. age 32 weeks) and in 10 full‐term infants (BW 3 155±810 g) who were ventilated mechanically. Chestwall compliance in premature infants was 6.4 ml/ (cmH2O×kg), decreasing with advancing gestational age to 4.2 ml/(cmH2O×kg) in full‐term infants. There was a linear correlation (r= 0.95 and 0.79 respectively) between tidal volume and the pressure transmitted to the esophagus throughout the tidal volume range. The portion of airway pressure transmitted to the esophagus depended on the infant's lung compliance. Only 5% was transmitted in infants with hyaline membrane disease, 12% in newborns with a patent ductus arteriosus, 17 % in normal prematures and 25% in normal full‐term infants. The findings suggest that during mechanical ventilation the high chestwall compliance and low lung compliance of premature infants prevent a significant rise in intrapleural pressure which could interfere with central venous return and cardiac output. However, using high inspiratory pressures and continuous distending airway pressure in the absence of lung pathology may result in a decreased cardiac output. The highly compliant chestwall of the premature infant may exert insufficient outward recoil and might be one of the causes of a low functional residual capacity and chronic pulmonary failure in the premature infant
EINE NACHT IN EWIGKEIT: NIGHT AS AN ELEMENT OF TILO WOLFF'S POETICAL UNIVERSE
No full textС помощью методологического инструментария концептуального анализа в статье рассматриваются символические смыслы образа ночи в лирике немецкоязычной группы Lacrimosa, написанной Тило Вольффом. При интерпретации значений образа автор сопоставляет их с общекультурным опытом метафоризации ночи.The article employs the methods of linguistic conceptual analysis to investigate the symbolic meanings of night imagery in the German song lyrics of the music project Lacrimosa, penned by Tilo Wolff. In his interpretation of said meanings, the author cites the world's cultural experience regarding night-related metaphors
Frei sein, frei handeln : Freiheit zwischen theoretischer und praktischer Philosophie
No full textTrotz aktueller Debatten über Determinismus und Freiheit ist der Sinn von Freiheit weit davon entfernt, ein klar umrissenes philosophisches Problem darzustellen. Betrachtet man Versuche, menschliche Freiheit erkenntnistheoretisch zu beweisen, und Diskussionen um die soziale Normierung von Freiheit, so ist selten klar, ob hier von einem einheitlichen Phänomen die Rede ist. Aufgrund der Komplexität der Debatten lässt sich die Freiheit nicht einer einzelnen Teildisziplin der Philosophie zuschreiben. Wer sich auf eine Definition oder einen Bestimmungsversuch des Begriffs einlässt, muss zugleich das Verhältnis von Theorie und Praxis klären. Die Untersuchung der Freiheit und der mit ihr verbundenen Phänomene führt daher nicht zuletzt zu einer immer wieder neu zu vollziehenden Selbstverortung der Philosophie. Mit Beiträgen von Volker Gerhardt, Dietmar Köhler, David F. Krell, Morten Thaning, Gianni Vattimo, Tilo Wesche u. a
Randomized crossover comparison of proportional assist ventilation and patient-triggered ventilation in extremely low birth weight infants with evolving chronic lung disease
No full textBackground: Refinement of ventilatory techniques remains a challenge given the persistence of chronic lung disease of preterm infants. Objective: To test the hypothesis that proportional assist ventilation ( PAV) will allow to lower the ventilator pressure at equivalent fractions of inspiratory oxygen (FiO(2)) and arterial hemoglobin oxygen saturation in ventilator-dependent extremely low birth weight infants in comparison with standard patient-triggered ventilation ( PTV). Methods: Design: Randomized crossover design. Setting: Two level-3 university perinatal centers. Patients: 22 infants ( mean (SD): birth weight, 705 g ( 215); gestational age, 25.6 weeks ( 2.0); age at study, 22.9 days ( 15.6)). Interventions: One 4- hour period of PAV was applied on each of 2 consecutive days and compared with epochs of standard PTV. Results: Mean airway pressure was 5.64 ( SD, 0.81) cm H2O during PAV and 6.59 ( SD, 1.26) cm H2O during PTV ( p < 0.0001), the mean peak inspiratory pressure was 10.3 ( SD, 2.48) cm H2O and 15.1 ( SD, 3.64) cm H2O ( p < 0.001), respectively. The FiO(2) ( 0.34 (0.13) vs. 0.34 ( 0.14)) and pulse oximetry readings were not significantly different. The incidence of arterial oxygen desaturations was not different ( 3.48 ( 3.2) vs. 3.34 ( 3.0) episodes/ h) but desaturations lasted longer during PAV ( 2.60 ( 2.8) vs. 1.85 ( 2.2) min of desaturation/ h, p = 0.049). PaCO2 measured transcutaneously in a subgroup of 12 infants was similar. One infant met prespecified PAV failure criteria. No adverse events occurred during the 164 cumulative hours of PAV application. Conclusions: PAV safely maintains gas exchange at lower mean airway pressures compared with PTV without adverse effects in this population. Backup conventional ventilation breaths must be provided to prevent apnea-related desaturations. Copyright (c) 2007 S. Karger AG, Base
Measurement and Monitoring of Pulmonary Function
No full textSeveral computerized systems that allow the collection of data for measurements of pulmonary function have been developed. Although many of these systems eliminate distorted and incomplete breaths from the analysis, there are still many possibilities for error secondary to the inexperience of the user or to patient-related factors. Training and experience with the use of these instruments is essential to obtain reliable results. A clear understanding of all the principles, the assumptions, and limitations affecting the measurements is also essential. The methodology underlying these systems is reviewed. In addition, the commercially available equipment needs to be standardized from an engineering point of view, to assure that the components used have the proper frequency response, that the signals are collected at proper rates, that calibration is simple and accurate, and that the analysis of the data is correct. Systems should be standardized against a lung model
STRENGTH OF THE HERING BREUER REFLEX IN THE FIRST WEEK OF LIFE IN PREMATURE AND FULL TERM INFANTS
No full text
112 INCREASED OXYGENATION IN INFANTS WITH CANOTIC CONGENITAL HEART DISEASE DURING EXPOSURE TO 100% 02
No full text- …
