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Maternity leave in Russia 1985-2001: policies and effects on childbearing and labor market transitions
No full textGender effects on labor market outcomes in Russia, 1985-2001: Institutional change, family structure, and regional variation
No full textWe analyze factors influencing the evolving effects of gender on labor market outcomes in contemporary Russia. Using 7,167 employment histories spanning 1985-2001 from the Survey of Stratification and Migration Dynamics in Russia, we estimate event history models for employment events (employment entries and exits, job changes) and logistic regression models for changes in career trajectories (upward and downward mobility conditional on a job change taking place). We empirically address several research questions regarding institutional change and gender inequality in the labor market: 1) How has Russia’s market transition affected gender differences in access to employment and career trajectories through jobs of different quality? 2) How do marital status and fertility shape the labor market transitions of Russian women and men during the late-Soviet and post-Soviet era? 3) Do the dynamics of gender differences in labor market outcomes vary by region and type of locality in a context of market transition
Non-marital fertility in Russia: second demographic transition or low human capital?
No full textThis study investigates the conditions surrounding non-marital childbearing in post-Soviet Russia. Using retrospective marital, birth, and employment histories that span 1984-2001, we analyze the changing composition of marital and non-marital fertility, including parity, maternal age, and type of union. We then develop an event history model of births that incorporates time-varying covariates such as education, employment status, occupation, and job quality. Finally, we explore the relationship between non-marital childbearing and an individual’s situation at the time of the survey. Factors evaluated include household structure, subjective measures of the family’s financial situation and social status, family income, and household possessions. By analyzing multiple dimensions of the individual and household, we aim to determine whether non-marital childbearing in Russia more closely resembles that in Northern Europe, where it primarily occurs among stable cohabiting unions, or the United States, where it is associated with poverty and the inability to maintain healthy marriage
Maternity leave in Russia: policies and effects on labor market transitions and childbearing
No full textMaternity leave in Russia 1985 - 2001: policies and effects on childbearing and labor market transitions
No full textMaternity leave in turbulent times: effects on labor market transitions and fertility in Russia, 1985-2000
No full textMaternity leave policies are designed to ease the tension between women's employment and fertility, but whether they actually play such a role remains unclear. We analyze the individual-level effects of maternity leave on employment outcomes and on second conception rates among Russian first-time mothers from 1985-2000 using retrospective job and fertility histories from the Survey of Stratification and Migration Dynamics in Russia. During this period Russia experienced tremendous economic and political turbulence, which many observers believed would undermine policies like maternity leave and otherwise adversely affect the situation of women. Nevertheless, we find that maternity leave helped women maintain a foothold in the labor market, even during the more turbulent post-transition period. Also, women who took extended leave (6-36 months) in connection with a first birth had elevated rates of second conceptions after they returned to the workforce
Nonmarital childbearing in Russia: second demographic transition or pattern of disadvantage?
No full textUsing retrospective union, birth, and education histories that span 1980-2003, this study investigates nonmarital childbearing in contemporary Russia. We employ a combination of methods to decompose fertility rates by union status and analyze the processes that lead to a nonmarital birth. We find that the increase in the percentage of nonmarital births was driven mainly by the growing proportion of women who cohabit before conception, not changing fertility behavior of cohabitors or changes in union behavior after conception. The relationship between education and nonmarital childbearing has remained stable: the least-educated women have the highest birth rates within cohabitation and as single mothers, primarily because of their lower probability of legitimating a nonmarital conception. These findings suggest that nonmarital childbearing Russia has more in common with the pattern of disadvantage in the United States than with the second demographic transition. We also find several aspects of nonmarital childbearing that neither of these perspectives anticipates
Internal displacement and subjective well-being: the case of Ukraine
No full textAlthough Internally Displaced Persons (IDP) outnumber refugees globally, few studies have examined their well-being and assimilation into the local population. Here we investigate Ukraine, which hosts the largest IDP population in Europe. In 2014, war erupted in eastern Ukraine, resulting in around 1.7 million people forced to resettle throughout Ukraine. Despite being ethnically and culturally similar to the local population, IDPs encountered severe economic, housing, and social challenges, as well as residual trauma from violence. In this study we examine the extent to which subjective well-being (SWB) of IDPs differs from locals who were not displaced. We explore whether the difference in subjective well-being between IDPs and locals is due to economic hardship, inadequate housing, and/or weak social support. Using a unique survey conducted in 2018 and OLS regression methods, we find a sizable gap in SWB between IDPs and locals. The gap shrinks after accounting for economic and housing status, and support from local networks. Measures of loss in housing and social networks additionally account for the gap. However, none of the factors we measure can account for the difference between locals and IDPs who reported only leaving due to violence, pointing to the enduring impact of trauma on SWB
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
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