1,720,962 research outputs found
Stress réticulaire et maladie d'Alzheimer : contribution du facteur de transcription XBP-1s
No full textAlzheimer's disease is a neurodegenerative pathology strongly correlated to aging. Its symptoms are characterized by an impaired short term memory process in the early stages of the disease and later on by a loss of all type of memory process. There is actually no cure for this pathology. At the histo-pathological levels, the disease show an accumulation of aggregated proteins in the brain (called amyloid protein) in the intra or extra cellular space, which act as a disruptor of the normal neuronal function and activity. Thus, most of the therapeutic approach to treat the disease aim at removing those proteins aggregates from the brain. However, some of the Alzheimer's disease characteristics could be melded with normal aging : One such case is the global decrease of the proteostasis mechanism in the cell which normally happen in normal brain. The assumption made during this work is that the recovery of these mechanisms impaired by age would constitute a credible therapeutic approach, complementary to the other existing approaches to the complex disease that is Alzheimer's disease. Following this hypothesis I was interested in the role and regulation of one of the major system controlling proteostasis: the UPR (unfolded protein response), and particulary to the XBP-1s transcription factor , considered one of the master regulator of this cellular networkLa maladie d'Alzheimer est une pathologie neurodégénérative progressive liée à l'âge qui détériore premièrement les fonctions liées aux mémoires de travail et épisodiques, avant de s'étendre à l'ensemble des procédures mémorielles dans les stades plus avancés. L'ensemble des traitements existant à ce jour sont palliatifs. Au niveau histologique, la maladie d'Alzheimer est caractérisée par l'accumulation extra- et intracellulaire de différentes protéines agrégées (appelées amyloïde) dans les tissus cérébraux, entrainant des dysfonctions importantes du circuit neuronal. De fait, la majorité des approches thérapeutiques en développement consistent à tenter de réduire ou supprimer ces agrégats protéiques. Cependant, la maladie d'Alzheimer étant étroitement corrélée au vieillissement, certaines de ses caractéristiques biologiques sont parfois confondues avec celles du vieillissement non pathologique. L'une de ces caractéristiques est la diminution des différents mécanismes liés à l'homéostasie protéique (protéostasie). L'hypothèse réalisée au cours de mes travaux est que le rétablissement de ces mécanismes diminués par l'âge constituerait une approche thérapeutique crédible, complémentaire aux approches actuelles, à la pathologie complexe qu'est la maladie d'Alzheimer. C'est en suivant cette optique que je me suis intéressé au rôle et à la régulation de l'un des systèmes majeusr du contrôle de la protéostasie : l'UPR (unfolded protein response), et en particulier au facteur de transcription XBP-1s, considéré comme l'une des pièces maîtresses de ce réseau de signalisation cellulair
Reticular stress in the Alzheimer's disease : role of the XBP-1s transcription factor
No full textLa maladie d'Alzheimer est une pathologie neurodégénérative progressive liée à l'âge qui détériore premièrement les fonctions liées aux mémoires de travail et épisodiques, avant de s'étendre à l'ensemble des procédures mémorielles dans les stades plus avancés. L'ensemble des traitements existant à ce jour sont palliatifs. Au niveau histologique, la maladie d'Alzheimer est caractérisée par l'accumulation extra- et intracellulaire de différentes protéines agrégées (appelées amyloïde) dans les tissus cérébraux, entrainant des dysfonctions importantes du circuit neuronal. De fait, la majorité des approches thérapeutiques en développement consistent à tenter de réduire ou supprimer ces agrégats protéiques. Cependant, la maladie d'Alzheimer étant étroitement corrélée au vieillissement, certaines de ses caractéristiques biologiques sont parfois confondues avec celles du vieillissement non pathologique. L'une de ces caractéristiques est la diminution des différents mécanismes liés à l'homéostasie protéique (protéostasie). L'hypothèse réalisée au cours de mes travaux est que le rétablissement de ces mécanismes diminués par l'âge constituerait une approche thérapeutique crédible, complémentaire aux approches actuelles, à la pathologie complexe qu'est la maladie d'Alzheimer. C'est en suivant cette optique que je me suis intéressé au rôle et à la régulation de l'un des systèmes majeusr du contrôle de la protéostasie : l'UPR (unfolded protein response), et en particulier au facteur de transcription XBP-1s, considéré comme l'une des pièces maîtresses de ce réseau de signalisation cellulaireAlzheimer's disease is a neurodegenerative pathology strongly correlated to aging. Its symptoms are characterized by an impaired short term memory process in the early stages of the disease and later on by a loss of all type of memory process. There is actually no cure for this pathology. At the histo-pathological levels, the disease show an accumulation of aggregated proteins in the brain (called amyloid protein) in the intra or extra cellular space, which act as a disruptor of the normal neuronal function and activity. Thus, most of the therapeutic approach to treat the disease aim at removing those proteins aggregates from the brain. However, some of the Alzheimer's disease characteristics could be melded with normal aging : One such case is the global decrease of the proteostasis mechanism in the cell which normally happen in normal brain. The assumption made during this work is that the recovery of these mechanisms impaired by age would constitute a credible therapeutic approach, complementary to the other existing approaches to the complex disease that is Alzheimer's disease. Following this hypothesis I was interested in the role and regulation of one of the major system controlling proteostasis: the UPR (unfolded protein response), and particulary to the XBP-1s transcription factor , considered one of the master regulator of this cellular networ
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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