1,720,958 research outputs found
Temperament and Social-Emotional Difficulties: The Dark Side of Learning Disabilities
No full textThe authors compared the relations between general psychological difficulties
and dimensions of temperament in childrenwith and without learning disability
(LD). The main aim was to analyze whether and to what extent children’s
temperament dimensions contribute to their general psychological difficulties
when LD diagnosis, age, and gender are taken into account. Participants
were 52 elementary school children 7–11 years old (M age = 8.61 years, SD =
1.21 years). Twenty-six of them had been diagnosed with LD. Six teachers rated
their pupils with and without LD in relation to their general psychological
difficulties (Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire) and temperament
dimensions (Italian Questionnaires of Temperament). In children with LD,
the main dimensions of temperament with the power to predict general
psychological difficulties (i.e., emotionality and social orientation) concern
these students’ relationships with others (teachers and peers). The findings of
the current study draw educators’ and practitioners’ attention to the fact that
children’s temperamental characteristicsmay affect how they experience their
LD, with significant implications for their later social adjustment
Differences in coping strategies of preadolescents with and without exposure to the L'Aquila (Central Italy) 2009 earthquake [Differenze nella scelta delle strategie di coping in preadolescenti esposti e non esposti al sisma dell'Aquila del 6 aprile 2009]
No full textOBIETTIVI: indagare la presenza di un profilo caratteristico di strategie di coping in un ampio gruppo di preadolescenti in seguito all’esposizione a un evento traumatico (sisma del 6 aprile 2009 all’Aquila)
DISEGNO: sono state investigate le strategie di coping attraverso il Brief-Cope Coping Orientation to Problems Experienced – nuova versione italiana (COPE-NVI), che considera il coping composto da cinque dimensioni: coping orientato al problema, strategie di evitamento, sostegno sociale, attitudine positiva e orientamento trascendente.
SETTING E PARTECIPANTI: sono stati valutati 129 ragazzi esposti (75 femmine e 54 maschi) e 107 non esposti (54 femmine e 53 maschi) di età compresa tra gli 11 e i 14 anni provenienti dall’Aquila e da altra regione lontana dall’epicentro del terremoto preso in esame. L’esposizione al trauma è stata valutata attraverso una checklist che teneva conto anche della presenza di fattori quali perdita di amici e famigliari e perdita/cambio di domicilio. I partecipanti sono stati valutati collettivamente nei rispettivi ambienti scolastici. La presenza di disturbi psichici conseguenti o precedenti al trauma è stata un criterio di esclusione.
PRINCIPALI MISURE DI OUTCOME: necessità di sviluppare un protocollo diagnostico che includa le misure di coping per pianificare interventi preventivi ed evitare lo sviluppo successivo di disturbi psichici post-traumatici.
RISULTATI: la sola esposizione al trauma in assenza di disturbi psichici post-traumatici provoca un’alta eterogeneità delle dimensioni del coping , fenomeno che non avviene nel gruppo non esposto all’evento traumatico. Le risposte alle strategie di coping non sono influenzate dall’età e dal genere, ma solo dall’essere stati esposti o no a un evento traumatico. I fattori prognostici negativi (lutto e cambio di domicilio) predicono l’uso di alcune strategie di coping e non di altre.
CONCLUSIONE: il coping è un processo dinamico di adattamento a eventi critici che richiedono di allocare le risorse cognitive e comportamentali. L’esposizione a un evento traumatico ne modifica le dimensioni. Dal presente studio emerge la necessità di utilizzare misure di coping al fine di aiutare gli individui nell’uso attivo di risorse positive di fronteggiamento.OBJECTIVE: to assess the presence of a characteristic coping strategy profile in a wide sample of preadolescents following a traumatic exposure (i.e., L'Aquila earthquake).
DESIGN: we have investigated the coping strategies through the Brief-Cope Coping Orientation towards Problems Experienced - new Italian version (COPE-NVI) devised to measure coping strategies on five levels: problem-oriented coping strategies, avoidance strategies, social-support strategies, positive attitude, transcendent orientation.
SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS: 129 preadolescents exposed (75 females and 54 males) and 107 non-exposed to the trauma (54 females and 53 males), age-ranged 11-14 years, coming from L'Aquila and from another Italian region far away from the epicentre of the earthquake. The trauma exposure was assessed through a checklist considering the presence of negative factors such as death of relatives and friends and displacement from home. Participants were tested collectively at school during school time in accordance with their teacher. An exclusion criterion was the presence of psychic disorders following or preceding the trauma.
MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: the need to develop a diagnostic protocol including coping measures aim to planning preventive actions for avoiding post-traumatic diseases.
RESULTS: the trauma exposure without consequent psychiatric disorders causes a high heterogeneity within coping dimensions, such phenomenon does not happen in the non-exposed group. Coping strategies are not affected by age and gender, but only by the exposure to the trauma. Furthermore, death of relatives/friends and displacements from home predict the use of specific coping strategies (i.e., social-support strategies and transcendent orientation).
CONCLUSION: coping is a dynamic process of adjustment to critical events that requires to direct cognitive and behavioural resources. The trauma exposure modifies coping strategies and dimensions. This study shows the importance to use coping tools for helping people in using positive and active resource of coping
Differences in coping strategies of preadolescents with and without exposure to the L'Aquila (Central Italy) 2009 earthquake.
Full text linkOBJECTIVE: to assess the presence of a characteristic coping strategy profile in a wide sample of preadolescents following a traumatic exposure (i.e., L'Aquila earthquake).
DESIGN:
we have investigated the coping strategies through the Brief-Cope Coping Orientation towards Problems Experienced - new Italian version (COPE-NVI) devised to measure coping strategies on five levels: problem-oriented coping strategies, avoidance strategies, social-support strategies, positive attitude, transcendent orientation.
SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS:
129 preadolescents exposed (75 females and 54 males) and 107 non-exposed to the trauma (54 females and 53 males), age-ranged 11-14 years, coming from L'Aquila and from another Italian region far away from the epicentre of the earthquake. The trauma exposure was assessed through a checklist considering the presence of negative factors such as death of relatives and friends and displacement from home. Participants were tested collectively at school during school time in accordance with their teacher. An exclusion criterion was the presence of psychic disorders following or preceding the trauma.
MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:
the need to develop a diagnostic protocol including coping measures aim to planning preventive actions for avoiding post-traumatic diseases.
RESULTS:
the trauma exposure without consequent psychiatric disorders causes a high heterogeneity within coping dimensions, such phenomenon does not happen in the non-exposed group. Coping strategies are not affected by age and gender, but only by the exposure to the trauma. Furthermore, death of relatives/friends and displacements from home predict the use of specific coping strategies (i.e., social-support strategies and transcendent orientation).
CONCLUSION:
coping is a dynamic process of adjustment to critical events that requires to direct cognitive and behavioural resources. The trauma exposure modifies coping strategies and dimensions. This study shows the importance to use coping tools for helping people in using positive and active resource of coping
Case report: KETOLAND the psychoeducation program for ketogenic diet
No full textGlucose transporter type 1 deficiency syndrome (GLUT1DS) is a rare neurological disorder characterized by a wide spectrum of symptoms: epilepsy, movement disorders and neurocognitive impairment. The gold standard treatment for GLUT1DS are ketogenic dietary therapies (KDTs), specifically classical ketogenic diet (CKD). Despite the benefits, CKD often represents a challenge for patients and their families since meal preparation is extremely demanding and deviates a lot from normal diet. To assure an optimal compliance to CKD a psychological support for parents and patients with GLUT1DS is highly recommended. Specifically, a psychoeducational intervention that ameliorates the knowledge about the illness and its therapy improves treatment' s adherence and efficacy. The aim of this case report is to investigate the effectiveness of a psychoeducational program, partially implemented through telepsychology, based on the theoretical model of Cognitive Behavioral Play Therapy (CBPT) to support KDT knowledge and adherence in a patient with GLUT1DS who presented a worsening of her clinical picture due to a sparse knowledge of KDTs principles which determined a low adherence. Thus, with this case report we propose a model of intervention with psychoeducation in a patient with a complex chronic disease
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
- …
