1,720,983 research outputs found
Investigating the influence of relative humidity on expression microwrinkles
No full textThe quest for efficient anti-wrinkle treatments has mainly focused on biochemical approaches aiming to mitigate or slow down the effects of both intrinsic and extrinsic ageing. However, the biophysical principles that govern the formation and evolution of wrinkles remain to be elucidated. Georges Limbert shares the findings of a study his computational biophysics group conducted with US researchers.The prospects and consequences of ageing are of concern to all, especially with regard to wrinkles. Wrinkles are not only a hallmark of ageing, with its various cosmetic and social implications, but also play a fundamental role in how people interact with many products and devices, from moisturisers and make-up, to adhesive plasters, incontinence products, razors and clothing fabrics. Unveiling the underlying biophysical principles that condition the morphologies and patterns of wrinkles are essential in evaluating, and ultimately, predicting, how ageing or aged skin interacts with its environment
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Dynamic Skin Wrinkles: Geometry or Mechanics? A Probabilistic Finite Element Approach
No full textSkin is the largest organ of the human body. Its main role is to ensure cohesion and protection of the internal body structures, acting as a physical and social interface to the external environment. The geometry and biophysics of this multi-layered biological structure are key elements in determining the nature and characteristics of these interactions [1]. Skin wrinkles [2], of particular relevance for skin care and shaving products, are the result of a complex interplay between material and structural properties, boundary and loading conditions the exact nature of which remains to be elucidated [3]. The variability of these properties/conditions according to the anatomical site, gender, race, from individuals to individuals or from experimental measurement techniques call for stochastic computational models [4]. The objective of this study was therefore to quantify the relative dependence of the wrinkling behavior of skin on these mechanical and geometrical factors by performing a stochastic finite element study accounting for 14 random variables. An integrated methodology combining design of experiment, solid modeling, finite element analysis and Bayesian meta-modeling was developed for this purpose. A three-layer finite element skin model including epidermis, dermis and hypodermis was designed. The sensitivity of the eigenvalues of the skin structure, number of wrinkles, amplitude of wrinkles, average roughness of the skin surface to the 14 probabilistic variables were calculated. It was found that the first four eigenvalues of the three-layer skin structure are mostly sensitive to the stiffness of the epidermis whilst this is no longer the case from the fifth eigenvalue. The thickness of the epidermis has the most significant effect on the number of wrinkles whilst the sensitivity of the average roughness to the length of the skin sample is maximum.</jats:p
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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