1,721,088 research outputs found
Aggregated N-of-1 trials
No full textClinicians make treatment decisions on a regular basis, and some decisions may result in patients taking treatments for years. This decision-making is a core skill of clinicians, and if possible it should be evidence based. The most common tool to aid this decision making, the RCT, has many problems which can lead to a patient being prescribed a treatment that may not work for them. N-of-1 studies may be useful tools to assist in making the best decision possible. This chapter argues the case for N-of-1 studies assuming a place in the clinical armamentarium. It describes the rationale for and uses of N-of-1 trials, the advantages and limitations of N-of-1 trials, and discusses aggregation of N-of-1 trials to generate population estimates of effect
Methodological considerations for N-of-1 trials
No full textN-of-1 trials are extremely useful in subject-focused investigations, for example, medical experiments. As far as we are aware, no guidelines are available in the literature on how to plan such a trial optimally. In this chapter, we discuss the considerations when choosing a particular N-of-1 trial design. We assume that the outcome of interest is measured on a continuous scale. Our discussion will be limited to comparisons of two treatments, without implying that the designs constructed can apply to non-continuous or binary outcomes. We construct optimal N-of-1 trials under various models depending upon how we accommodate the carryover effects and the error structures for the repeated measurements. Overall, we conclude that alternating between AB and BA pairs in subsequent cycles will result in practically optimal N-of-1 trials for a single patient, under all the models we considered without the need to guess at the correlation structure or conduct a pilot study. Alternating between AB and BA pairs in a single trial is nearly robust to misspecification of the error structure of the repeated measurements
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Supplementary_Material_Interview_Schedule_-_Track_changes – Supplemental material for Nurses’ knowledge of law at the end of life and implications for practice: A qualitative study
No full textSupplemental material, Supplementary_Material_Interview_Schedule_-_Track_changes for Nurses’ knowledge of law at the end of life and implications for practice: A qualitative study by Lindy Willmott, Ben White, Patsy Yates, Geoffrey Mitchell, David C Currow, Katrin Gerber and Donella Piper in Palliative Medicine</p
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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