348 research outputs found
Australia's system of innovation
No full textThere is overwhelming evidence that innovation and knowledge intensity are key factors promoting growth in modern economies. Since the early 1990s, OECD analysts have focused increasingly on the growing knowledge intensity of modern economies and the strong links between knowledge intensity and economic growth. Innovation plays a critical role in the knowledge economy. There is growing awareness that innovation takes place in a system that involves information transfer and communication between a range of players that includes firms, regulatory agents, and research and training organisations. Innovation cannot be understood as something that occurs within isolated organisations. Instead, it must be seen as a process of interaction between a range of players. The institutions, norms, and patterns of behaviour that constitute the social environment of business are an important influence on innovation. This chapter seeks to develop an understanding of the social context of the innovation system and the performance of Australia's system of innovation in international perspective
The Manley Arts: Literary Blood
No full textDiscusses author feuds throughout history, including Hemingway’s brawl with Max Eastman and his biting criticism of the Fitzgeralds in A Moveable Feast
Semiconductor devices based on the carrier domain principle
No full textA programme of research has been carried out in order to investigate the viability of two novel types of bipolar semiconductor device based on the Carrier Domain principle: an analogue multiplier and a magnetometer. A carrier domain device consists of an elongated bipolar transistor within which emitter current injection is restricted to a small region, known as a domain. The domain can be moved in the device subject to an external signal, and so novel devices whose functions are directly governed by their geometry can be designed. The Carrier Domain principle and the basic design of the two devices investigated were suggested by B. Gilbert. Several different structures have been proposed for the implementation of the analogue multiplier. A series of computer programs has been developed by the author and used in a comparative study of these structures. Practical operation of a prototype carrier domain multiplier is described. The multiplication errors of the device have been measured, and the physical causes of these errors have been investigated. The prototype carrier domain multiplier has an X non-linearity of around 2% and a Y non-linearity of around 0.2% of full scale. A magnetic field sensor which utilizes the rotation of carrier domains in a circular semiconductor device subject to a magnetic field, has been made and operated-by the author. The device produces current pulses at a frequency proportional to the normal magnetic flux density for flux densities above a certain threshold level. The threshold effect has been investigated and shown to be due mainly to spatial variation of the pap transistor current gain. Other anomalous aspects of the device's operation, such as sensitivity to bias parameters and temperature, are described. The prototype device has a sensitivity of around 14KHz/tesla and operates down to 0.3 teals. An improved carrier domain magnetometer designed by the author is described. This device has a higher magnetic sensitivity (up to 200KHz/tesla) and operates down to approximately 0.1 tesla. The temperature sensitivity of the device's operation has been measured. A technique is described whereby small a.c. magnetic fields can be measured with the carrier domain magnetometer by using a steady magnetic field to bias the device above threshold.</p
Occupational mobility and living in deprived neighbourhoods : housing tenure differences in ‘neighbourhood effects’
No full textThis research was funded by the European Research Council under the European Union's Seventh Framework Programme (FP/2007-2013) / ERC Grant Agreement n. 615159 (ERC Consolidator Grant DEPRIVEDHOODS, Socio-spatial inequality, deprived neighbourhoods, and neighbourhood effects). The authors also acknowledge the Marie Curie programme under the European Union's Seventh Framework Programme (FP/2007-2013) / Career Integration Grant n. PCIG10-GA-2011-303728 (CIG Grant NBHCHOICE, Neighbourhood choice, neighbourhood sorting, and neighbourhood effects).The literature on neighbourhood effects suggests that the lack of social mobility of some groups has a spatial dimension. It is thought that those living in the most deprived neighbourhoods are the least likely to achieve upward mobility because of a range of negative neighbourhood effects. Most studies investigating such effects only identify correlations between individual outcomes and their residential environment and do not take into account that selection into neighbourhoods is a non-random mechanism. This paper investigates occupational mobility between 1991 and 2001 for those who were employed in Scotland in 1991 by using unique longitudinal data from Scottish Longitudinal Study (SLS). We add to the existing literature by investigating neighbourhood effects on occupational mobility separately for social renters, private renters and home owners. We find that ‘neighbourhood effects’ are strongest for home owners, which is an unexpected finding. We argue that the correlation between characteristics of the residential environment and occupational mobility can at least partially be explained by selection effects: homeowners with the least resources, who are least likely to experience upward mobility, are also most likely to sort into the most deprived neighbourhoods. Social housing tenants experience less selective sorting across neighbourhoods as other than market forces are responsible for the neighbourhood sorting mechanism.Peer reviewe
The Windhover and Evening Hawk Shudder in Sync: Gerard Manley Hopkins and Robert Penn Warren
No full textThe author traces the philosophical and poetic similarities between Robert Penn Warren and Gerard Manley Hopkins. In doing so, he addresses the meditative process that Warren and Hopkins use in their work in order to demonstrate human connectedness to each other and nature in the form of what could be called a mystic unity. Integral to this meditative process is Hopkins’ idiosyncratic concepts of “inscape” and “instress,” which are defined and explored by the author while demonstrating how Warren’s work is in dialogue with these concepts, particularly in his 1968 collection of poems, Incarnations
Divine, Philosophical, and Existential dimension of Gerard Manley Hopkins’ poetry
No full textThe research paper aims to exhibit and explore pious, philosophical, and existential aspects of Gerard Manley Hopkins’ selected poems which remain an invaluable contribution to the shape and development of the Christian thought both for theologians and academic critics. The author of the article emphasizes that Hopkins’s challenging, highly ambitious and complex works, filled with spiritual anxiety, dualism and struggle between reason and sensuality, harmony and violence, happiness, and suffering, were mostly reject able by the Victorian audience and critics. Hopkins’s “model of the world” (Barańczak 1981), his depiction of tragic human existence and the presentation of two contradictory facets of God meet more the expectations of contemporary readers and are more appreciable by today’s thinkers, philosophers, and critics
Access to Information
No full textThe Chapter outlines the relevant provisions governing access to information concerning quality, safety and efficacy of medicinal products in the European Union. taking steps from the principle of transparency as enshrined in the treaty establishing the European Union and the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union, the author flags the constantly increasing demand for transparency and how the European institutions and the European regulators, namely the European Medicines Agency, has progressively moved from a reactive (i.e. upon receiving request for access to documents and information) to proactive disclosure of relevant information concerning medicinal products which they consider of public interest. An additional part of the paper is devoted to the criteria to be applied in order to strike the right balance between the demand for transparency and the need to protect commercial confidential information in order to mitigate the risk that leakage of confidential information may seriously undermine the proprietary rights of pharmaceutical industry. The new transparency principles set by the EU Regulation 536/2014 on clinical trials and administrative and judicial remedies are also tackle
A Study of Anxiety and Redemption in Gerard Manley Hopkins’ Poems
No full textThis paper aims to interpret the anxiety caused by the industrial revolution and how people sought redemption from religion and nature to alleviate spiritual suffering, from the perspective of Gerard Manley Hopkins. The author analyzed the feelings of anxiety generated by the overall social context, due to the impact of the industrial revolution on the environment, human beliefs, and the human body. Meanwhile, the author endeavors to explain that in the process of seeking redemption, it is necessary to affirm the existence of God, pay high respect to Jesus Christ’s selfless dedication, and still maintain trust in God, even though faith may be impacted. Ultimately, this benefits individuals and society as a whole. Essentially, Hopkins calls for people to return to nature, restore their connection with nature, and renew their spirit in order to redeem humanity
‘A Dayspring to the Dimness of Us: The Symbolic Reality of Edith Stein, Gerard Manley Hopkins and Marie-Dominique Chenu’
No full textThis article explores ‘the symbolic reality’ of two twentieth century theologians inspired by the works of Dionysius the Areopagite: Edith Stein/Teresia Benedicta a Cruce O.C.D. (1891 – 1942) and Marie-Dominique Chenu O.P. (1895 – 1990). To illustrate their arguments about the role of the symbolic in Christian life, the author takes as his text the great narrative poem of the English Jesuit Gerard Manley Hopkins (1844 – 1889), The Wreck of the Deutschland. The article argues that the symbolic theology provides resilience to those undergoing psychological and physical trauma as they enter into what Stein called ‘the Science of the Cross’
Social and cultural drivers of incentive effectiveness in infrastructure projects
No full textFormal incentives systems aim to encourage improved performance by offering a reward for the achievement of project-specific goals. Despite argued benefits of incentive systems on project delivery outcomes, there remains debate over how incentive systems can be designed to encourage the formation of strong project relationships within a complex social system such as an infrastructure project. This challenge is compounded by the increasing emphasis in construction management research on the important mediating influence of technical and organisational context on project performance. In light of this challenge, the research presented in this paper focuses on the design of incentive systems in four infrastructure projects: two road reconstructions in the Netherlands and two building constructions in Australia. Based on a motivational theory frame, a cross case analysis is conducted to examine differences and similarities across social and cultural drivers impacting on the effectiveness of the incentive systems in light of infrastructure project context. Despite significant differences in case project characteristics, results indicate the projects’ experience similar social drivers impacting on incentive effectiveness. Significant value across the projects was placed on: varied performance goals and multiple opportunities to across the project team to pursue incentive rewards; fair risk allocation across contract parties; value-driven tender selection; improved design-build integration; and promotion of future work opportunities. However, differences across the contexts were identified. Results suggest future work opportunities were a more powerful social driver in upholding reputation and establishing strong project relationships in the Australian context. On the other hand, the relationship initiatives in the Dutch context seemed to be more broadly embraced resulting in a greater willingness to collaboratively manage project risk. Although there are limitations with this research in drawing generalizations across two sets of case projects, the results provide a strong base to explore the social and cultural influences on incentive effectiveness across different geographical and contextual boundaries in future research.Real Estate and HousingArchitecture and The Built Environmen
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