1,720,964 research outputs found
Walking patterns of individuals with and without Developmental Coordination Disorder
Get PDFDevelopmental coordination disorder (DCD) is defined by the DSM-5 as an impairment of motor coordination significantly affecting everyday activities. Given the importance of walking to access everyday activities, and the constraints to movement experienced by individuals with DCD, this area of research is particularly pertinent. This thesis aimed to investigate step characteristics in individuals with and without DCD and to identify factors linked to poor locomotor ability in the DCD group. An initial study was conducted to investigate walking patterns on level ground. This investigation was extended by examining gait adaptations whilst traversing an irregular terrain. Additionally, the effects of visual occlusion of the feet on gait patterns were investigated. Finally all the above manipulations were analysed across age.
Thirty-five individuals aged 8-32 years (children 8-12y; teenagers13-17y; adults 18-32y) with and without DCD participated in this study. Participants walked continuously for 2 minutes around two cones placed 6m apart. A VICON 3D motion analysis system tracked the motion of small reflective markers attached to the feet, legs, trunk and head.
Findings were discussed within a hybrid theoretical framework, integrating ideas from Gibson’s ecological systems (1979), Newell’s constraints model (Newell 1986) and internal modelling, thus acknowledging the importance of input from several systems to enable proficient walking patterns. Findings showed that on level ground individuals with DCD walked with a reduced step length, greater flexion about the ankle, higher step-to-step variability and were more asymmetric compared to their typically developing peers. When traversing the irregular terrain individuals with DCD walked more slowly with shorter, wider steps and inclined their heads more towards the ground than their TD peers. There was no evidence to suggest that visual occlusion of the feet affected the walking patterns of individuals with or without DCD. Finally, age effects were almost exclusively noted for the teenage age group who walked with a wider step and had significantly more step-to-step variability than children or adults whilst traversing the level terrain
Top-down Inhibitory Motor Control is Preserved in Adults with Developmental Coordination Disorder
Get PDFTwo paradigms were employed to disentangle information processing from executive motor inhibition in adults with Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD). Choice Reaction and Stop Signal Tasks were compared between 13 adults fulfilling DSM-5 DCD criteria and 42 typically developing adults. Additional analyses included 16 probable DCD (pDCD) participants, who had motor difficulties but did not fulfil DSM-5 criteria. Analyses employed frequentist and Bayesian modeling. While DCD+pDCD showed slower reaction times and difficulty initiating Go responses, no impairments in Stop actions were found. These findings indicated no executive deficit in DCD, suggesting that previous results may be explained by inefficient information processing
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
The Nature and Influence of Sensory Processing Deficits in Developmental Coordination Disorder
Get PDF"This thesis presents the case of Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD), a common yet understudied neurodevelopmental disorder in which the primary symptoms are motor difficulties. Previous research has reported several cognitive and perceptual difficulties, that may underly the primary motor difficulty of DCD. However, characterisation of the cognitive abilities of individuals with DCD has not always been consistent. For example, in the case of inhibition, group differences seem to be largely task specific, with individuals with DCD achieving comparable performance on verbal inhibition tasks, but tend to be slower and make more errors on non-verbal measures of inhibition. However, slower information processing, as consistently observed in the disorder, may mean that poorer performance on nonverbal inhibition tasks in DCD may not be due to an inhibitory deficit itself, but may instead be explained by poorer information, and perceptual processing.After an introduction to DCD, and the known aetiology of the disorder in Chapter 1, Chapter 2 describes the methodology used to ascertain the presence of DCD within the studies presented within this thesis. Chapter 3 will investigate the integrity of non-verbal motor inhibition in adults with and without DCD. Throughout the thesis, adults with possible DCD (pDCD) are included within a secondary analysis of an expanded DCD+pDCD group. Chapter 3 will utilise a Choice Reaction Task (CRT) to quantify reaction times to differential stimuli in adults with DCD. This will be followed by the employment of a Stop Signal Task (SST), designed to allow for a measurement of the time taken to inhibit a response, independent of the time required to perceive and respond to a stimulus. Bayesian inference of SST data will further allow for the delineation of parameters relating to response initiation, on Go trials, and stopping errors, on Stop trials.In Chapter 4, adults with DCD and pDCD are compared to neurotypical (NT) adults on a broad range of perceptual psychophysical tasks. Assessed domains include haptic detection and discrimination, spatio-temporal, and audio-visual integration. While previous studies have identified perceptual difficulties in DCD in isolated modalities, this represents the first to use a wide range of psychophysical measurements within the same sample of participants. Chapters 5 and 6 represent attempts to identify neural markers of perceptual dysfunction in DCD, in the context of the internal modelling deficit hypothesis, in order to assess the relationship of these neural markers to sensory processing, and the building of internal movement models. A general discussion will then be presented in Chapter 7, of the findings across all chapters, to identify the key results of the thesis as a whole, and what this means for an understanding of DCD.
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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