1,720,976 research outputs found
Image library for: First fossil woods and palm stems from the mid-Paleocene of Myanmar and implications for biogeography and wood anatomy
No full textHere are the raw, untreated and full resolution versions of the individual photos used in the figures present in the article and some additionnal photos of the slides that give other examples of the features mentioned in the descriptions
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
FIG. 18 in Fossil wood from the lower Miocene of Myanmar (Natma Formation): palaeoenvironmental and biogeographic implications
No full textFIG. 18. — Shoreoxylon sp. 2, MNHN.F.50195: A, Ts, vessel arrangement, often solitary, sometimes in groups and clusters, with one parenchyma band (arrow); B, Ts, mostly vasicentric to slightly aliform parenchyma as well as some diffuse parenchyma (arrow); C, E, Tls, 1-5-seriate rays; D, Ts, long tangential line of secretory canals embedded in parenchyma band (arrow); F, Rls, heterocellular ray with one line of upright marginal cells (arrow); G, Ts, synthetic drawing of the transversal section (only some vessels and rays are displayed) with bands of parenchyma as grey lines and secretory canals as red dots, arranged in long tangential lines; doubtful canals are displayed as orange dots; H, Rls, crystals in possibly chambered parenchyma cells (arrow); I, tyloses in vessels (black arrow) and vasicentric tracheids (white arrow) J, Tls, alternate, vestured (arrow) intervessel pits; K, simple vessel-ray pits with reduced borders and ovoid shape (arrow). Scale bars: G, 1 cm; A, D-E, 500 µm; B-C, F, 200 µm; H-I, 100 µm; K, 50 µm; J, 20 µm. Abbreviations: see Fig. 2.Published as part of Gentis, Nicolas, Licht, Alexis, Boura, Anaïs, Aung, Dario De Franceschi Zaw Win Day Wa & Dupont-Nivet, Guillaume, 2022, Fossil wood from the lower Miocene of Myanmar (Natma Formation): palaeoenvironmental and biogeographic implications, pp. 853-909 in Geodiversitas 44 (28) on page 888, DOI: 10.5252/geodiversitas2022v44a28, http://zenodo.org/record/714530
Évolution de la végétation et du climat de la Baie du Bengale au cours du Cénozoïque : apports de l'étude de bois fossiles du Myanmar
No full textThe Indo-Asian collision is a well-studied geological event. Initiated during the Paleogene, it had a profound impact on Asian ecosystems by facilitating biotic exchanges between Africa, India, and Asia. The exchanges following the collision during the Neogene are well-documented, highlighting the Gondwanan origins (Africa, South America, Australia, Antarctica, India) of many lineages now present in Southeast Asia, which transited through India. However, the timing and nature of these biotic exchanges before or during the Paleogene collision remain much less understood due to a lack of data from this period. The same is true for the evolution of climate and the establishment of systems like the monsoon regime. The Burma Terrane, located in what is now western Myanmar, has nevertheless yielded numerous Paleogene and Neogene sites with plant remains. Isolated during the Cretaceous, this block collided with India at the beginning of the Cenozoic, followed by a collision with Asia. It then can be seen as a conduit for biotic exchanges and an area of interest for tracing climate and vegetation evolution. This study aims to document these changes throughout the Cenozoic by examining fossil wood from the Burmese Terrane. Until now, only about thirty reliably dated specimens had been documented. In this work, we add 97 new specimens dated to the Middle Paleocene, Middle Eocene, Lower Oligocene, and Lower Miocene. We will see that the eleven Paleocene specimens, including two palms, exhibit anatomical diversity similar to that of Indian flora from the same period, indicating an assemblage of Gondwanan and Laurasian elements. The persistence of Gondwanan elements over time is further explored through six taxa from the Eocene and Oligocene. These findings suggest the existence of an Indo-Myanmar Paleofloristic Province during the Paleogene, characterized by a degree of Gondwanan heritage endemism. They also support the possibility of two dispersal pathways to the Burma Terrane and then to Asia: either through an intermediate passage via India or through the Trans-Tethyan Arc, serving as a series of stepping stones. This floristic province persisted at least until the Oligocene and acted as a “holding pen” from which some taxa, such as the Dipterocarpaceae, dispersed into Asia, while others remained confined to the region. Building on these findings, the addition of 47 new specimens to the Eocene and Oligocene assemblages reveals the presence of unique morphologies and significant anatomical diversity. They support the early existence of a pronounced alternation between dry and wet seasons, similar to the monsoon, and the coexistence of a mosaic of ecosystems that favored the persistence of diverse plant lineages. Finally, we will see that the 30 Miocene specimens stand out due to the abundance of taxa typical of wet seasonal climates, characteristic of Southeast Asian forests. This humid incursion is interpreted as an intensification of the monsoon regime, leading to increased precipitation, with the uplift of the Indo-Burman Range not appearing significant enough to induce orographic rainfall. Myanmar thus emerges as a crucial witness to the biogeographic history of forest ecosystems, closely linked to that of India, with a Gondwanan heritage that persisted throughout the Paleogene. Seasonal climates fostered the coexistence of different ecosystems and floristic exchanges with Asia. The varying intensity of the monsoon, combined with Quaternary climatic changes and the final establishment of topography, eventually led to the distinct floras of Myanmar and India.La collision indo-asiatique est un évènement géologique largement étudié. Initiée au cours du Paléogène, elle a impacté profondément les écosystèmes asiatiques en favorisant les échanges biotiques entre l'Afrique, l'Inde et l'Asie. Les échanges post-collision du Néogène sont bien documentés, attestant notamment de l'origine gondwanienne (Afrique, Amérique du Sud, Australie, Antarctique, Inde) d'une grande partie des lignées présentes aujourd'hui en Asie du Sud-Est et qui ont transité par l'Inde. En revanche, la temporalité et les modalités de ces échanges biotiques anté- ou syn-collision durant le Paléogène sont bien moins connues, du fait du manque de données pour cette période. Le constat est le même quant à l'évolution du climat et à la mise en place, entre autres, du régime de mousson. Le Terrane Birman, occupant l'ouest de l'actuel Myanmar, a néanmoins révélé de nombreux sites paléogènes et néogènes ayant fournis des restes végétaux. Bloc isolé au cours du Crétacé, il entre en collision avec l'Inde au début du Cénozoïque, puis avec l'Asie. Il se place alors sur la trajectoire des échanges biotiques, et comme région d'intérêt pour suivre les évolutions du climat et de la végétation. Ce travail propose de documenter ces évolutions au cours du Cénozoïque à travers l'étude du bois fossile du Terrane Birman. Jusqu'à présent, seule une trentaine de spécimens ayant une datation fiable étaient documentés. Nous ajoutons ici 97 nouveaux spécimens datés du Paléocène moyen, de l'Eocène moyen, de l'Oligocène inférieur et du Miocène inférieur. Nous verrons que les onze spécimens du Paléocène, dont deux palmiers, arborent une diversité anatomique semblable à celle des flores de l'Inde pour la même période, et indiquent un assemblage d'éléments gondwaniens et laurasiatiques. La persistance dans le temps des éléments gondwaniens sera davantage explorée à travers six taxons de l'Eocène et de l'Oligocène. Ils mettent en avant l'existence d'une Paléo-province Floristique Indo-Myanmar au Paléogène ayant un certain degré d'endémisme d'héritage gondwanien. Ils soutiennent aussi l'existence de deux chemins de dispersion possibles vers le Terrane Birman puis l'Asie : soit un passage intermédiaire par l'Inde, soit par l'arc Trans-Téthysien, servant de tremplins successifs. La province floristique s'est maintenue au moins jusqu'à l'Oligocène et a agi comme une aire de rétention depuis laquelle certains taxons, comme les Dipterocarpaceae, se sont dispersés vers l'Asie, alors que d'autres y sont restés confinés. Dans la continuité de ces résultats, l'ajout de 47 nouveaux spécimens aux assemblages Eocène et Oligocène révèle la présence de morphologies inédites et d'une grande diversité anatomique. Ils soutiennent l'existence précoce d'une alternance marquée entre saisons sèches et humides semblable à la mousson, et la coexistence d'une mosaïque d'écosystèmes ayant favorisée la persistance de lignées végétales variées. Enfin, nous verrons que les 30 spécimens du Miocène contrastent par l'abondance de taxons de climat saisonnier humide, typiques des forêts du Sud-Est asiatique. Cette incursion humide est interprétée comme une intensification du régime de mousson, entrainant des précipitations plus fortes ; l'élévation de la Chaîne Indo-Birmane n'apparaissant pas assez significative pour entrainer des précipitations d'origine orographique. Le Myanmar s'impose donc comme un témoin essentiel de l'histoire biogéographique des écosystèmes forestiers, fortement couplée à celle de l'Inde, et dont l'héritage gondwanien a persisté durant tout le Paléogène. Les climats saisonniers ont favorisé la coexistence d'écosystèmes différents et les échanges floristiques avec l'Asie. Les variations d'intensité de la mousson, cumulées aux changements climatiques du Quaternaire et la mise en place finale des reliefs, ont tardivement rendu distinctes les flores du Myanmar et de l'Inde
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
- …
