1,721,196 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Evolution of the Antarctic surface mass balance by physical downscaling and impact on the change in sea-level
Full text linkThe Antarctic surface mass balance (SMB, i.e. the snow accumulation from which we sub- tract ablation by sublimation, run-off or erosion) is a major yet poorly known contribution to changes in the present-day sea level. Water storage by snow accumulation at the top of the ice- sheet is expected to increase during the 21st century, which would moderate the rise in sea level. Three-quarters of the Antarctic SMB are concentrated below 2000 m above sea level whereas this area represents only 40% of the grounded ice sheet area. Orographic precipitation is a major contributor to snow accumulation in this region, which is why a better estimation of this term is important. The representation of this process by models depends to a great extent on the resolu- tion of the model, since precipitation amounts depend on the ice sheet slopes. Sublimation and snowmelt also depend on elevation. Global and regional atmospheric climate models are unable to achieve a 40-km resolution over Antarctica at a century time scale, due to their computing cost. At this resolution, ice-sheet margins are still badly resolved.
That is why we developed the downscaling model SMHiL (surface mass balance high-resolution downscaling), which estimates the Antarctic SMB components at a high resolution (∼15 km) from large-scale atmospheric forcings. We compute the impact of the high-resolution topography on orographic precipitation amounts and on the boundary-layer processes that lead to sublima- tion, melting and refreezing. To validate SMHiL, we compare our results with more than 2700 field data recently updated and quality-controlled. However, we exhibit that field data below 2000 m above sea level are too scarce to settle SMHiL efficiency. In light of this, we show that the GLACIOCLIM-SAMBA stake lines located on the ice sheet coast-to-plateau area is an ap- propriate reference to evaluate model performance. Finally, we downscale the atmospheric global climate model LMDZ4 to estimate the SMB changes during the 21st and 22nd centuries. The high-resolution SMB is significantly different from the SMB given by LMDZ4. Our results sug- gest that running LMDZ4 at a finer resolution may give a future increase in SMB in Antarctica between 15% to 30% higher than at its standard resolution. Future changes in the Antarctic SMB at low elevations will result from the conflict between higher snow accumulation and ru- noff. The downscaling model is a powerful tool that can be applied to climate models for a better assessment of a future rise in sea level
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
7 years of Micro Rain Radar (METEK MRR-2) data at the Dumont d'Urville station, coastal Adélie Land, Antarctica
No full textThis dataset presents data from a precipitation radar (METEK MRR-2) deployed in late 2015 at the Dumont d'Urville station located on the Petrels Island, coastal Adélie Land, East Antarctica (longitude 140.0014, latitude -66.6628, elevation 41m) in the context of the APRES3 project (Antarctic Precipitation, Remote Sensing from Surface and Space, see Genthon et al. 2018). 7 years of MRR (Micro Rain Radar) data from November 2015 to April 2023 included are gathered, ranging from 300 m to 3000 m a.g.l. with a vertical resolution of 100 m.
Files attached contain the 1-min MRR source variables (radar reflectivity, Doppler velocity, signal-to-noise ratio and a quality flag) computed with the Maahn and Kollias (2012) algorithm in zipped netCDF format. Approximately 6% of timesteps are missing due to maintenance operations or power outages. Profiles are filled with NaNs when no precipitation signal is detected.
This dataset also contains the MRR hourly precipitation profile estimates in mm/hr, that could for instance be used for climate model evaluation along the vertical. Wiener et al. (2023) presents and analyses the 7 years of data, and particularly details the processing steps used to obtain the MRR precipitation profiles by means of a local Z-S relation with a colocated snow gauge. 1-min data from the snow gauge are also available to enable users to derive their own Z-S relation with different processing steps
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Evolution of Antarctic surface mass balance by high-resolution downscaling and impact on sea-level changes
No full textLe Bilan de Masse de Surface (BMS, c'est-à-dire les précipitations de neige auxquelles est retranchée l'ablation par sublimation, ruissellement ou érosion) de la calotte polaire Antarctique représente une contribution majeure et encore mal connue à l'évolution actuelle du niveau des mers. Le stockage d'eau douce par accumulation de neige sur la calotte posée est supposé s'intensifier au cours du 21eme siècle, modérant l'élévation du niveau des mers et modifiant la dynamique glaciaire. Les trois-quarts du bilan de masse de surface Antarctique sont concentrés au dessous de 2000 m d'altitude alors que cette zone ne représente que 40% de la surface de la calotte posée. Les précipitations orographiques sont une contribution majeure à l'accumulation dans cette région, il est donc crucial d'estimer précisément ce terme. La modélisation de ce processus est fortement dépendant de la résolution des modèles, car les pentes de la calotte influencent l'intensité des précipitations orographiques. La sublimation et la fonte de la neige sont eux aussi fortement dépendant de l'élévation. Bien qu'ils contribuent actuellement peu au bilan de masse de surface de l'Antarctique, ils sont susceptibles de subir des changements importants au cours des prochains siècles. Les modèles atmosphériques de climat, globaux ou régionaux, ne peuvent pas atteindre une résolution allant au delà de 40 km sur l'Antarctique pour des simulations à l'échelle du siècle du fait de coûts de calcul importants. A ces résolutions, la topographie des zones côtières Antarctique n'est pas correctement représentée. C'est pourquoi nous avons développé le modèle de régionalisation SMHiL (Surface Mass balance High-resolution downscaLing) qui permet d'estimer les composantes du bilan de masse de surface Antarctique à haute résolution (~15 km) à partir de champs atmosphériques de plus grande échelle. Nous calculons l'effet de la topographie fine sur les précipitations orographiques et sur les processus de couche limite menant à la sublimation, la fonte et le regel. SMHiL est validé pour la période actuelle à partir d'un jeu de données inédit constitué de plus de 2700 observations de qualité contrôlée. Cependant, les observations représentatives du BMS de la zone côtière Antarctique y sont sous-représentées. Dans ce contexte, nous montrons que la ligne de balise mise en place par l'observatoire GLACIOCLIM-SAMBA en bordure de calotte constitue une référence pour estimer les performances des modèles. Enfin, nous utilisons SMHiL à l'aval du modèle de circulation générale LMDZ4 pour évaluer les variations de BMS au cours du 21eme et du 22eme siècles. Le BMS à haute résolution est significativement différent de celui de LMDZ4 et est plus proche du BMS observé pour la période actuelle. Les résultats suggèrent que les précédentes estimations d'augmentation du BMS au cours du prochain siècle étaient sous-estimées de près de 30% par LMDZ4. Les changements de BMS à faible élévation résulteront d'une compétition entre l'augmentation d'accumulation de neige et de ruissellement. SMHiL est un outil destiné à être appliqué à l'aval d'autres modèles de climat, globaux ou régionaux, pour une meilleure estimation des variations futures du niveau des mers.The Antarctic Surface Mass Balance (SMB, i.e. the snow accumulation from which we subtract ablation by sublimation, run-off or erosion) is a major yet badly known contribution to changes in the present-day sea level. Water storage by snow accumulation on the Antarctic continent is expected to increase in the 21st century, which would moderate the rise in sea level and impact the ice dynamic response of the ice sheet. Three-quarters of the Antarctic SMB are concentrated below 2000 m above sea level whereas this area represents only 40% of the grounded ice sheet area. Orographic precipitation is a major contributor to snow accumulation in this region, which is why a better estimation of this term is important. The representation of this process by models depends to a great extent on the resolution of the model, since precipitation amounts depend on the ice sheet slopes. Sublimation and snowmelt also depend on elevation, and although they are presently minor contributors to the Antarctic SMB, their role is expected to become more important in the coming centuries. Global and regional atmospheric climate models are unable to achieve a 40-km resolution over Antarctica at a century time scale, due to their computing cost. At this resolution, the Antarctic coastal area is still badly represented. This is why we developed the downscaling model SMHiL (Surface mass balance high-resolution downscaling) to estimate the Antarctic SMB components at a high resolution (~15 km) from large-scale atmospheric forcings. We computed the impact of the high-resolution topography on orographic precipitation amounts and the boundary layer processes that lead to sublimation, melting and refreezing. SMHiL has been validated for the present period with a dataset composed of more than 2700 quality-controlled observations. However, very few of these observations are representative of the Antarctic coastal area. In this context, we show that the GLACIOCLIM-SAMBA stake lines located on the ice sheet coast-to-plateau area is an appropriate reference to evaluate model performance. Finally, we used SMHiL to estimate the SMB changes during the 21st and 22nd centuries, by downscaling the atmospheric global climate model LMDZ4. The high-resolution SMB is significantly different from the SMB given by LMDZ4 and is closer to the observed one for the present period. Our results suggest that previous studies using the LMDZ4 models underestimated the future increase in SMB in Antarctica by about 30%. Future changes in the Antarctic SMB at low elevations will result from the conflict between higher snow accumulation and runoff. The downscaling model is a powerful tool that can be applied to climate models for a better assessment of a future rise in sea level
Arctic snowfall climatology from CloudSat Cloud Profiling Radar, 2007-2010
No full textArctic snowfall climatology produced from the version R05 of the CloudSat 2C-SNOW-PROFILE product is available.
It covers the 2007-2010 period over the latitudes from 58.5°N to 82°S.
The monthly snowfall rates in this file have been calculated using the observations with:
- a snow retrieval status lower than 3
- and a snowfall rate surface confidence > 1
Additionnaly, the monthly surface snowfall rate uncertainties, number of CloudSat orbits as well as number of observations are available.
The number of observations over these 4 years is not sufficient to consider snowfall rates monthly (Edel et al. 2020).
If one wants to obtain monthly snowfall rates, it is necessary to average multiple years
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