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Long collective graves LCG-1 and LCG-2 at Daba Musandam Governorate, Sultanate of Oman
No full textThe site of Daba is a burial complex of great importance formed by numerous large collective graves containing hundreds of individuals each, accompanied by thousands of valuable goods. Daba is located on the east coast of Musandam Peninsula (Oman) and is surrounded by several Iron Age sites including both settlements and burial complex, as Tel Abrak, Masafi and Hili as settlements, Jebel Buhais, Shimal and Asimah as burial complex.
The Daba site is, to date, represented by two Large Collective Graves (LCG1 and LCG2), by a later Parthian grave and by several pits used as ritual offering. Unlike other sites of the area, Daba collective graves are very well preserved and quite undisturbed. The archaeological evidence suggests that the whole area could have been a monumental tribute to tribal alliance dating to the end of II millennium BC. Besides the results of the preliminary geophysical prospecting point out us that in the area of the site there are at least other five collective graves of the same importance and magnificence
The first burial monument is of rectangular shape, with a length of about 14 m and a width of 3,5 m. LCG1 returned human remains referable at least to 188 individuals and nearly 2000 precious goods, including bronze and steatite vessels, daggers, bracelets, arrowheads, decorated shell medallions and numerous beads and necklaces made in various materials (Genchi 2013; Genchi & Caputo 2013; Frenez & Genchi 2017).
LCG2, continuously used from the Late Bronze Age (1600-1350 BC) until the Iron Age II/III Period (around 600 BC), is bigger than the first one (23 meters in length and 6 in width, included the outer arrangements). Thousands of objects have been recovered during the exploration of the grave, frequently associated to human remains referable to 28 individuals from primary burials and a minimum number of 250 individuals from secondary depositions (Genchi 2015; Genchi et alii 2017).
Many phases of frequentation have been recognized, as well as different phases of restoration and reorganization of the building
Recent investigations at the prehistoric site RH-5 (Ras al-Hamrā, Muscat, Sultanate of Oman)
No full textAfter a gap of twenty years, the Italian Archaeological Mission in Oman has resumed excavations at the Middle Holocene site of RaΜs al-ДamrāΜ 5 (RH-5), carrying out an intensive exploratory programme in three consecutive seasons, supported by the Ministry of Heritage & Culture, which aims to create an archaeological park. The resumption of the excavations at RH-5 has so far yielded new data that will give us precise details about the synchronic and diachronic dynamics of the area’s population, and also about the economic and social dynamics of Neolithic societies in eastern Arabia.
In this paper, we present the preliminary results of the recent excavations. In particular, we consider the spatial organization of the settlement, recovered by means of digital recording. The 2008 excavation season has disclosed new evidence concerning the settlement sequence, while work carried out in 2009 has yielded new information on dwelling types and household installations mostly from the earliest phase of the sequence, which can be dated to around the late fifth and early fourth millennia BCE. Furthermore, a comparison of the remains of the RH-5 settlement with those of contemporary sites so far investigated along the eastern shores of Arabia, along with the ethno-historical study of different populations, is considered to provide a better understanding of the spatial organization of the village in view of the future construction of the Ra’s al-Hamra (RaΜs al-ДamrāΜ) Heritage Park
L'aggregazione sociale come riflesso delle pratiche funerarie dell'Arabia del II-I millennio a.C.: analisi tafonomica e antropologica delle grandi tombe collettive di Daba (penisola di Musandam, Oman)
No full textMASPAG & pyArchInit, the newborn collaboration of Sapienza and adArte in the Sultanate of Oman
Get PDFDuring the fieldwork season in November 2021-March 2022, the ‘Missione Archeologica della Sapienza nella Penisola Arabica e nel Golfo’ (MASPAG), as part of the research activities supported and financed by the Great Excavations of Sapienza since 2019 and MAECI since 2022, planned and launched a new landscape archaeological project in the Sultanate of Oman. The first survey was carried out in an area of the Al Batinah South Governorate unknown to archaeology, combining remote-sensing and ground verification activities. This operation also saw the first result of the collaboration between the MASPAG research group and adArte srl, developer of pyArchInit open source plugin for QGIS. The first season of the survey not only made it possible to estimate the archaeological potential of the study area, but also served as a workshop, opening a dialogue between universities and private companies, to discuss open source solutions in archaeology
L'area sacra di Daba (Musandam, Oman, II-I millennio a.C.). I morti oltre la morte. L'analisi tafonomica e l'interpretazione dei processi culturali e naturali sulle ossa di LCG2.
No full textThe site of Daba is a burial complex of great importance formed by numerous large collective graves containing hundreds of individuals each, accompanied by thousands of valuable goods. Daba is located on the east coast of Musandam Peninsula (Oman) and is surrounded by several Iron Age sites including both settlements and burial complex, as Tel Abrak, Masafi and Hili as settlements, Jebel Buhais, Shimal and Asimah as burial complex.
The Daba site is, to date, represented by two Large Collective Graves (LCG1 and LCG2), by a later Parthian grave and by several pits used as ritual offering. Unlike other sites of the area, Daba collective graves are very well preserved and quite undisturbed. The archaeological evidence suggests that the whole area could have been a monumental tribute to tribal alliance dating to the end of II millennium BC. The first burial monument is of rectangular shape, with a length of about 14 m and a width of 3,5 m. LCG1 returned human remains referable at least to 188 individuals and nearly 2000 precious goods, including bronze and steatite vessels, daggers, bracelets, arrowheads, decorated shell medallions and numerous beads and necklaces made in various materials. LCG2, continuously used from the Late Bronze Age (1600-1350 BC) until the Iron Age II/III Period (around 600 BC), is bigger than the first one (23 meters in length and 6 in width, included the outer arrangements). Thousands of objects have been recovered during the exploration of the grave, frequently associated to human remains referable to 28 individuals from primary burials and a minimum number of 202 individuals from secondary depositions. Many phases of frequentation have been recognized, as well as different phases of restoration and reorganization of the building. During the last phase the structure was almost completely filled and the stone walls partially collapsed. Moreover, several secondary assemblages of human bones were located all around the structure, while scattered bones associated with archaeological materials and faunal remains have been found inside the monumental grave . The second phase testify a continuity of frequentation from the top of the structure: many secondary depositions have been found over the walls and the secondary bone clusters have often a clear structural organization. The first, and last excavated, phase is characterized by the collapse of the west wall and by the reuse of the slabs to construct circular funerary chambers. In the outer eastern area the original entrance hall lose its primary function, becoming a closed chamber with several primary burials.
Although not entirely investigated, LCG2 provided some interesting evidence related to the funerary practices and the offering rituals in the Daba sacred area. Several typologies of deposition of skeletal materials have been identified, that differ in reference to their organization, to the quantity of bones, to the number of individuals represented in them and to their association with grave goods and animal bones. Peculiar typologies of secondary depositions emerged in Daba, like bone assemblages with a clear structured shape that suggests the use of perishable containers to settle the already skeletonized individuals inside or around the large collective grave. To underline the multifaceted habits that took place at Daba, several case have been documented in the secondary depositions that likely could be interpreted as naturally mummified skeletal districts, as well as a single case of an entire bone artificially modified in its shape for ritual purposes. Archaeozoological analysis shows that the majority of faunal remains belongs to goats, but also cattle, sheep, dogs, horses and fish are represented. Rare are camelids and pigs. The preferential choice of specific meat portions, often discovered in close relation with human bones, suggests the funerary ritual involved offerings of entire animals or certain parts of them.
All these evidence point out that the Daba sacred area is of fundamental importance for the understanding of the tribal societies of the Iron Age in the whole Arabian Peninsula and the site assumes a role of great significance for the funerary rituals. In Daba burial complex the bones of ancestors acquired a role that seems to go beyond the simple interment, sometimes turning the focus of the ritual into an object for the ritual itself
Funerary variability and long-term reuse in Daba collective grave from I millenium B.C.
No full textThe site of Daba is a burial complex of great importance formed by numerous large collective graves containing hundreds of individuals, accompanied by thousands of valuable artifacts. It is located on the east coast of Musandam Peninsula (Oman). Currently, we are excavating the second large collective grave (LCG2), dated from the Middle Iron Age (1000-800 BC) to the PIR (Pré-Islamique Recént) (300 BC-300 AC). Many phases of usage have been recognized, including different phases of restoration and reorganization of the grave. LCG2 burial site shows an intense and prolonged use characterized by changes in deposition typology. The most recent and superficial phases of the site are characterized by scattered and fragmented bones that cannot be interpreted as intentional depositions. This may signal a probable abandonment period of the site. The underlying layers of the site have yielded groups of human bones, deposited at the site as voluntary secondary deposition. These archaeological features are referred to as Bone Clusters (BC). We also found different primary depositions located in small stone-chambers at the bottom and in the walls of the larger grave complex. The Daba site is configured as a unique case for observing the phenomenon of prehistory funerary variability
The Field-Work
No full textIl testo descrive la localizzazione e lo scavo del sito archeometallurgico dell'età del Ferro di 'Uqdat al-Bakrah (Sultanato di Oman)
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
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