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Efficacy of moxidectin microsphere sustained release formulation for the prevention of subcutaneous filarial (Dirofilaria repens) infection in dogs
No full textA study was carried out to assess the efficacy of a moxidectin microsphere sustained release (SR) injectable formulation (Guardian® SR Iniettabile, Fort Dodge®) for the prevention of Dirofilaria repens infection in experimentally infected dogs. On day 0, 18 Beagle dogs, 9 male dogs and 9 female dogs, weighing 12-16kg were ranked in ascending order of body weight (b.w.) and blocked into pairs. Within each pair, dogs were allocated to Group 1 or Group 2 at random. On the same day, dogs in Group 1 were injected with 0.05ml/kg b.w. of saline solution and dogs in Group 2 were injected with moxidectin SR at the label dose 0.17mg/kg b.w. (0.05ml/kg b.w.). Six months after moxidectin SR or saline injection, on day 180, each dog in the two groups was challenged with 50 infective larvae of D. repens collected from laboratory-reared, experimentally infected Aedes aegypti. Dogs were humanely euthanized on day 380 of the study, approximately 7 months from D. repens challenge. At necropsy, no worms were found in dogs treated with moxidectin SR (Group 2) while adult worms were found in saline-treated dogs (total 90; 38 males and 52 females; arithmetic mean 10, standard error 0.96, median 9, range 7-15) (Group 1 vs Group 2 P<0.001). In this experimental study, moxidectin SR injectable showed full efficacy (100%) lasting at least 6 months, and is able to prevent subcutaneous D. repens patent infection throughout the entire transmission season in Europe. © 2010 Elsevier B.V
Changing Climate and Changing Vector-Borne Disease Distribution: The Example of Dirofilaria in Europe
No full text
Evaluation of the adulticidal efficacy of imidacloprid 10%/ moxidectin 2.5% spot-on (Advocate®, Advantage® Multi, Bayer) against Dirofilaria repens in experimentally infected dogs
No full textThis study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of imidacloprid 10%/moxidectin 2.5% spot-on
(Advocate®/Advantage® Multi, Bayer) against adult Dirofilaria (D.) repens in a blinded, placebo
controlled randomised laboratory study. 24 Beagle dogs were experimentally infected with
approximately 75 infective D. repens larvae on study day (SD) 0. A modified Knott test was
used in monthly intervals to monitor the onset of patency and to follow the course of
microfilariaemia after treatment. Treatment was initiated on SD 228 after patency had been
confirmed in 21 dogs. 11 dogs received monthly treatments with imidacloprid/moxidectin at the
minimum therapeutic dose for six consecutive months and 12 control dogs were treated with a
placebo formulation. Approximately one month after the last treatment, all dogs were
euthanized and necropsied for the detection of D. repens worms. 11 control dogs harbored live
adult D. repens (range 2-11, geometric mean 5.44). 8 of 11 imidacloprid/moxidectin treated
dogs were free of live worms. The live worm count was reduced by 96.2% (range 0-1, geometric
mean 0.21). The majority of dead worms was encapsulated and degenerated. After the first
treatment, Knott Tests were negative in all imidacloprid/moxidectin treated dogs and this status
was maintained in 10 dogs until study end. One dog showed a low microfilariae count (1 and
4/ml) on four occasions but was also negative before necropsy. The treatment was well
tolerated in all study animals. It is concluded that six consecutive monthly treatments with
imidacloprid/moxidectin topical solution are effective and safe against adult D. repens and
provide an option for the prevention of further spreading of this zoonotic parasite
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