1,721,159 research outputs found
Safety and efficacy of a new percutaneously implantable interspinous process device
Full text linkLumbar spinal stenosis is a degenerative disease of the elderly population. Although microsurgical decompression has shown good long-term results, percutaneous techniques could provide an alternative in the presence of significant comorbidities. Eighty-seven interspinous process decompression devices (In-space; Synthes, Umkirch, Germany) were implanted percutaneously in up to three segments of 50 patients. Outcome was assessed directly after surgery, at 6-8 weeks, and at average follow-up of 1 year (11.8 +/- 6 months). Assessment included complications, pain and spinal claudication, neurodeficit, time to recurrence of symptoms, and time to second surgery. Subgroups with additional low back pain at presentation and mild spondylolisthesis were analyzed separately. Intraoperative complications were rare (one misplacement and two cases of failed implantation); average operation time was 16.4 +/- 12.2 min per segment. Initial response was very good with 72% good or excellent relief of symptoms. After a 1-year follow-up, 42% reported of lasting relief from spinal claudication. Thirteen percent of these complained about lasting or new-onset low back pain. A second surgery had been performed in 22%. Subgroup analysis was performed for patients presenting with additional low back pain and spondylolisthesis patients. No significant differences could be noted between subgroups. The In-space is a percutaneous treatment option of claudication in patients with lumbar spinal stenosis. Compared with microsurgical decompression surgery, recurrence rate within 1 year is, however, high and the device seems not suitable for the treatment of low back pain. Therefore, the authors suggest that the device should presently be used primarily in controlled clinical trials in order to get more information concerning the optimal indication.EANS/Synthes spine-fellowshi
Influence of intraoperative hemodynamics on the perioperative infarct volume and overall survival in glioblastoma patients
Full text linkIn dieser Arbeit wurde die Auswirkung intraoperativer hämodynamischer Parameter auf das Volumen perioperativer Infarkte und das Gesamtüberleben bei Glioblastompatienten untersucht. Der intraoperative mittlere diastolische Blutdruck, die Flüssigkeitsbilanz und die Operationsdauer korrelieren unabhängig voneinander mit dem postoperativen Infarktvolumen während einer elektiven Gehirntumoroperation. Niedrige mittlere intraoperative diastolische und mittlere arterielle Blutdruckwerte korrelieren mit einer reduzierten Gesamtüberlebenszeit. Die Operationsdauer zeigt sich als unabhängiger prognostischer Faktor für das Gesamtüberleben.The aim of this thesis was to determine if perioperative hemodynamics have an impact on perioperative infarct volume and patients’ prognosis in glioblastoma patients undergoing surgery. Intraoperative mean diastolic blood pressure, liquid balance and length of surgery are independently associated with perioperative infarct volume. Low mean intraoperative diastolic blood pressure and mean arterial pressure are associated with impaired overall survival, length of surgery was shown as an independent factor for overall survival
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Operationsplanung eloquenter Hirntumoren – vom inoperablen zum operablen Hirntumor
Full text linkAuf Grundlage der vorliegenden Habilitationsschrift kann der Begriff des motorisch- und Sprach-eloquenten Hirntumors nunmehr objektiviert und genauer charakterisiert werden. Bei Patientinnen und Patienten mit bislang als inoperabel eingeschätzten Hirntumoren kann unter Einsatz der nTMS und der nTMS-basierten DTI-Traktografie eine differenziertere Abwägung zwischen Operationsrisiko und möglichem onkologischem Benefit einer Hirntumorresektion erfolgen.
Die Standardisierung der Pyramidenbahn-Traktografie im Rahmen der ersten Studie verbesserte mit Integration der funktionellen nTMS-Daten die Traktografie-Qualität und zeichnete sich zudem durch eine ausgezeichnete Interrater-Reliabilität aus. Eine beeinträchtigte Integrität der peritumoralen Pyramidenbahn kann durch die Diffusionsparameter FA und ADC charakterisiert werden und war mit einem erhöhten Risiko für ein neues postoperatives motorisches Defizit assoziiert.
Die Erkenntnisse der ersten Arbeit wurden mit Analysen zuvor publizierter Arbeiten genutzt, um in der zweiten Studie die nTMS-basierte Risikostratifizierung bizentrisch zu validieren. Neben der topografischen Analyse (Infiltration des Motorkortex und Bestimmung der Tumor- Trakt-Distanz) erwiesen sich die FA und der RMT, welche die Faserbahnintegrität bzw. die Exzitabilität des motorischen System repräsentieren, als entscheidende Parameter zur V orhersage des Operationsrisikos. So konnte ein verbessertes, auf einer Regressionsbaumanalyse basierendes Risikomodell zur Vorhersage des kurz- und langfristigen motorischen Outcomes entwickelt werden.
Im Rahmen der dritten Studie konnte gezeigt werden, dass die präoperative Risikoanalyse die Durchführung des IOMs unterstützen kann, indem subkortikale Stimulationsintensitäten angepasst und unspezifische Phänomene wie transiente/partielle MEP- Amplitudenminderungen differenzierter interpretiert werden können. Somit kann eine hoch individualisierte Behandlungsstrategie für Patientinnen und Patienten mit motorisch- eloquenten Hirntumoren gewährleistet werden.
Für die Beurteilung Sprach-eloquenter Hirntumoren kommen sowohl das kortikale rTMS- Sprachmapping (als Negativmapping) sowie die DTI-basierte Traktografie des Sprachnetzwerks zum Einsatz. In der vierten Arbeit offenbarte der Vergleich aller bisher publizierten Algorithmen, dass die Platzierung anatomischer ROIs die besten Traktografie-
Ergebnisse hinsichtlich der Darstellbarkeit und Plausibilität der Trakte offenbarte. Dieser Algorithmus wurde von internationalen Experten auch zur Operationsplanung und für das Risiko-Assessment bevorzugt. Die Integration funktioneller rTMS-basierter ROIs ermöglichte die zusätzliche Darstellung von kortiko-subkortikalen Fasern, deren Relevanz für das Sprachoutcome es in weiteren Studien zu untersuchen gilt.
Die Cluster-Analyse der fünften Studie identifizierte zwei Hochrisikoareale, die mit dem Auftreten eines neuen postoperativen Sprachdefizits assoziiert waren: 1. die temporo-parieto- occipitale Übergangszone und 2. der Temporalstamm der periinsulären weißen Substanz. Der AF als V ertreter des dorsalen Systems zeigte sich als wichtigste Faserbahn für die Sprachfunktion, deren Verletzung mit dem höchsten Risiko für eine postoperative Sprachstörung assoziiert war. Eine Schädigung des ventralen Faserbahnsystems spielte vor allem dann für das postoperative Sprachoutcome eine Rolle, wenn sowohl die direkte Bahn (IFOF) als auch der indirekte Kreislauf (UF und ILF) betroffen waren.
Die hier dargelegten Technologien der nTMS und DTI-Traktografie ermöglichen für motorisch- und Sprach-eloquente Hirntumoren eine differenzierte und individuelle Operationsplanung. Ziel zukünftiger Arbeiten wird es sein, diese Technologien weiter zu optimieren, um Hirntumoroperationen sicherer zu gestalten und damit die individuelle Patientenbehandlung zu verbessern
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Role of clipping in aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage: a post hoc analysis of the Earlydrain trial
No full textAbstract The choice between clipping and coiling of ruptured cerebral aneurysms in subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) remains controversial. The recently published Earlydrain trial provides the opportunity to analyze the latest clip-to-coil ratio in German-speaking countries and to evaluate vasospasm incidence and explorative outcome measures in both treatment modalities. We performed a post hoc analysis of the Earlydrain trial, a multicenter randomized controlled trial investigating the use of an additional lumbar drain in aneurysmal SAH. The decision whether to clip or to coil the ruptured aneurysm was left to the discretion of the participating centers, providing a real-world insight into current aneurysm treatment strategies. Earlydrain was performed in 19 centers in Germany, Switzerland, and Canada, recruiting 287 patients with aneurysmal SAH of all severity grades. Of these, 140 patients (49%) received clipping and 147 patients (51%) coiling. Age and clinical severity based on Hunt-Hess/WFNS grades and radiological criteria were similar. Clipping was more frequently used for anterior circulation aneurysms (55%), whereas posterior circulation aneurysms were mostly coiled (86%, p < 0.001). In high-volume recruiting centers, 56% of patients were treated with clipping, compared to 38% in other centers. A per-year analysis showed a stable and balanced clipping/coiling ratio over time. Regarding vasospasm, 60% of clipped versus 43% of coiled patients showed elevated transcranial Doppler criteria (p = 0.007), reflected in angiographic vasospasm rates (51% vs. 38%, p = 0.03). In contrast to the Earlydrain main results establishing the superiority of an additional lumbar drain, explorative outcomes after clipping and coiling measured by secondary infarctions, mortality, modified Rankin Score, Glasgow Outcome Scale Extended, or Barthel-Index showed no significant differences after discharge and at six months. In clinical practice, aneurysm clipping is still a frequently used method in aneurysmal SAH. Apart from a higher rate of vasospasm in the clipping group, an exploratory outcome analysis showed no difference between the two treatment methods. Further development of periprocedural treatment modalities for clipped ruptured aneurysms to reduce vasospasm is warranted
- …
