1,721,298 research outputs found
Pain models and clinical pain research are not contradictory
No full textS.281Erwiderung Zum Leserbrief von Wörz R (2020) Wertvoller, doch begrenzter Aussagewert experimenteller Modelle. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00482-020-00450-4 Originalbeitrag: Lötsch J, Geisslinger G, Walter C (2019) Wissensgenerierung aus komplexen Datensätzen in der humanexperimentellen Schmerzforschung. Schmerz 33:S502-513. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00482-019-00412-5 Wir freuen uns, dass unser Beitrag in Der Schmerz zu weiteren Überlegungen anregt. Modelle sind in der Wissenschaft weit verbreitet, und ihre Definition impliziert bereits, dass sie eine vereinfachte Darstellung der Realität sind. In der Schmerzforschung sind präklinische Modelle Standard, und die experimentelle Forschung am Menschen hat wesentlich zu unserem Verständnis von Schmerz beigetragen. Darüber hinaus können neue Schmerztherapeutika, die sich in der Entwicklung befinden, unter Laborbedingungen vorgetestet werden, bevor sie zu früh eingesetzt werden und Schmerzpatienten im schlimmsten Fall eine adäquate Analgesie entziehen. Es gibt genügend Belege für korrekte Vorhersagen der klinischen Wirksamkeit. Weder modellbasierte noch klinische Forschung ist jedoch unfehlbar. Natürlich impliziert die Verwendung des Begriffs ""Modell"" ein Bewusstsein für die vereinfachte, verkürzte Darstellung einer komplexeren Realität. Ausgelassene Teile davon können mithilfe anderer Modelle oder, wenn möglich, durch direktes Studium der Realität, im speziellen Fall von Schmerzpatienten, erforscht werden. Schmerzmodelle und klinische Schmerzforschung sind kein Widerspruch. Unser Beitrag konzentrierte sich auf Ersteres, und der Leserbrief ergänzt bekannte Grenzen der modellbasierten Schmerzforschung, wofür wir dankbar sind.34Nr.
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Modulation of the central nervous effects of levomethadone by genetic polymorphisms potentially affecting its metabolism, distribution, and drug action
No full textAim: Our aim was to judge the importance of candidate pharmacogenetic modulators of the central nervous effects of levomethadone by both magnitude of the modulatory effect and frequency of the mutation to assess the utility of genotyping for clinical levomethadone therapy in a random sample of subjects that, by distribution of genotypes, resembled the clinical setting. Methods: Candidate pharmacogenetic modulators were polymorphisms reported to be of functional consequence and therefore potentially important for metabolism, distribution, or pharmacodynamic action of levomethadone, consisting of genes coding for cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2B6 and 3A, as well as 1A2, 2C8,2C9,2C19,and 2D6, for P-glycoprotein (ABCB1), and for mu-opioid receptors (OPRM1). The central nervous effects of levomethadone were investigated by means of measuring pupil size in a random sample of 51 healthy volunteers for 9 hours after oral administration of 0.075 mg/kg levomethadone. Plasma concentrations of levomethadone and its metabolites were assessed concomitantly, and to judge the role of metabolites, the affinities of levomethadone and its metabolites at mu-opioid receptors were estimated by use of displacement of the selective mu-opioid receptor agonist [H-3]-DAMGO (H-3-[D-Ala(2),N-MePhe(4),Gly-ol(5)]-enkephalin). Results: Pupil size decreased to -41.8% +/- 9.6% from baseline at 3.5 +/- 1.1 hours after levomethadone administration. Miosis was still manifest to a lower degree (-25.1% +/- 12.3%) at the end of the observation period. In carriers of the variant 118G allele (118A > G single-nucleotide polymorphism) of the R-opioid receptor gene (OPRM1), levomethadone had a 1.74 times (95% confidence interval, 1.4-2.2 times) lower miotic potency (P G) affecting mu-opioid receptors
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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