1,721,009 research outputs found
An analysis of DRG incentives and developments in respiratory medicine
No full text*Hintergrund: Seit 2003/2004 werden die in deutschen Krankenhäusern erbrachten Leistungen gegenüber den Krankenkassen mit DRG-basierten Fallpauschalen abgerechnet. Wie auch bei der zuvor eingesetzten Vergütung nach tagesgleichen Pflegesätzen bietet das DRG-basierte Fallpauschalensystem spezifische Anreize für die Krankenhäuser. Die Beatmung von Patienten und ihre Dauer stehen dabei immer wieder in Verdacht als erlössteigernde Prozedur zu Unrecht kodiert bzw. unnötig lange durchgeführt zu werden.
*Ziel: Ziel der vorliegenden Untersuchung ist es, die Anreize der DRG-basierten Vergütung in Hinblick auf die Beatmungsbehandlung zu untersuchen und Faktoren zu identifizieren, die in der Lage sind, die Zunahme der Beatmungsfälle in den vergangenen Jahren zu erklären.
*Methodik: Zur Beantwortung dieser Fragen wurden Daten der DRG-Statistik des Statistischen Bundesamts und vom InEK veröffentlichte Daten in Hinblick auf die Entwicklung der Beatmungspatienten, der Beatmungsstunden, der Altersverteilung und der Beatmungs-DRGs mit den Methoden der deskriptiven und schließenden Statistik untersucht. Weiterhin wurden die Definitionen der Beatmungs-DRGs und die Veränderungen in der Beatmungsmedizin im Verlauf der Jahre 2005-2010 verglichen.
*Ergebnisse: Seit Einführung der DRGs haben Beatmungsstunden und Beatmungspatienten bei gleichzeitig rückläufiger Mortalität zugenommen. Im gleichen Zeitraum setzte sich eine weniger invasive Beatmungsbehandlung durch. Die Altersverteilung hat sich zu höheren Altersgruppen hin verschoben.
*Diskussion: Fortschritte in der Beatmungsmedizin führen dazu, dass durch eine weniger komplikationsbehaftete Behandlung beatmungspflichtige Patienten bei gleichzeitig verbessertem Überleben schonender beatmet werden können. Nachhaltige Hinweise auf eine Ausrichtung der Beatmungsdauer an den gruppierungsrelevanten Beatmungsintervallen fanden sich nicht. Hingegen besteht die Vermutung, dass stationsinterne Abläufe einen erheblichen Einfluss auf die Beendigung der Beatmungsbehandlung ausüben.
*Empfehlungen: Weitere Untersuchungen, die die Verteilung der Beatmungsdauer innerhalb der Beatmungs-DRGs untersuchen, sollten durchgeführt werden.*Background: Since 2003/04 DRG-based hospital payments are used to reimburse hospitals activities in Germany. Like any other payment methodology, also DRG-based payments offer specific incentives for hospitals. The mechanical ventilation of patients and its duration is often discussed as a procedure examined in order to increase the revenues of hospitals.
*Objective: The aim of this study was to examine the incentives created by a DRG-based payment system with regard to artificial respiration and to identify factors that could explain the considerable increase of mechanically ventilated patients.
*Methods: Data provided by the Federal Statistical Office and the InEK were analyzed with regard to the development of the number of patients mechanically ventilated, the total number of ventilation hours, the age distribution and the DRGs for mechanical ventilation, using methods of descriptive and inferential statistics. Furthermore, the definitions of the DRGs for ventilation and changes in respiratory medicine were compared over the years.
*Results: Since the introduction of the DRGs, the hours of ventilations and the number of patients mechanically ventilated have increased while mortality has decreased. During the same period there has been a switch to less invasive ventilation methods. The age distribution has shifted to higher age-groups.
*Discussion: Due to advances in respiratory medicine, patients requiring ventilation can be treated by using a less complication-prone ventilation mode which simultaneously improves survival rates. There was no evidence supporting the assumption that the duration of mechanical ventilation is influenced by the intervals relevant for grouping. However, presumably operational arrangements of the hospital have a significant impact on the termination of mechanical ventilation.
*Recommendations: Further studies investigating the distribution of the duration of mechanical ventilation within the respective DRG-groups should be conducted
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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