130,163 research outputs found
Carl Friedrich Geiser and Ferdinand Rudio : the men behind the first International Congress of Mathematicians
No full textThe first International Congress of Mathematicians (ICM) was held in Zurich in 1897, setting the standards for all future ICMs. Whilst giving an overview of the congress itself, this thesis focuses on the Swiss organisers, who were predominantly university professors and secondary school teachers. As this thesis aims to offer some insight into their lives, it includes their biographies, highlighting their individual contributions to the congress. Furthermore, it explains why Zurich was chosen as the first host city and how the committee proceeded with the congress organisation.
Two of the main organisers were the Swiss geometers Carl Friedrich Geiser (1843-1934) and Ferdinand Rudio (1856-1929). In addition to the congress, they also made valuable contributions to mathematical education, and in Rudio’s case, the history of mathematics. Therefore, this thesis focuses primarily on these two mathematicians.
As for Geiser, the relationship to his great-uncle Jakob Steiner is explained in more detail. Furthermore, his contributions to the administration of the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology are summarised. Due to the overarching theme of mathematical education and collaborations in this thesis, Geiser’s schoolbook "Einleitung in die synthetische Geometrie" is considered in more detail and Geiser’s methods are highlighted.
A selection of Rudio’s contributions to the history of mathematics is studied as well. His book "Archimedes, Huygens, Lambert, Legendre" is analysed and compared to E W Hobson’s treatise "Squaring the Circle". Furthermore, Rudio’s papers relating to the commentary of Simplicius on quadratures by Antiphon and Hippocrates are considered, focusing on Rudio’s translation of the commentary and on "Die Möndchen des Hippokrates". The thesis concludes with an analysis of Rudio’s popular lectures "Leonhard Euler" and "Über den Antheil der mathematischen Wissenschaften an der Kultur der Renaissance", which are prime examples of his approach to the history of mathematics
Lamellipalpus longipalpis Brancucci & Geiser, 2009, sp. nov.
No full textLamellipalpus longipalpis sp. nov. (Fig. 13) Type locality: Nepal, Bagmati, Dhad Khola. Description. 3. Habitus: Body elongate-oblong, completely testaceous brown, except for the antennae from the 2 nd joint onwards and for an incomplete oblique stripe on apical two-thirds of the elytra which are dark brown, the latter covering the outer part of the 2 nd costa. Underside completely testaceous. Head: Very large, testaceous brown, only slightly depressed, broad; the distance from eye to pronotum equal to 3 times eye diameter. Interocular space very large, 3.2 times as large as eye diameter. Anterior margin of frons almost evenly curved, distinctly concave; head strongly depressed on antero-median part. Surface shining, covered with fine and long yellow setae. Mandibles long, almost straight and suddenly curved just before apex. Last segments of maxillary and labial palpi dark brown, slender, 4 times as long as broad, flattened; last joints of maxillary palpi broadly rounded distally, labial palpi narrowly rounded. Antennae dark brown, short, 1 st and 3 rd joints elongate, 2 nd joint very small, globose, 4 th– 8 th joints subequal, 1.3 times as long as broad, except the last three joints which are short, almost globular. Pronotum: Testaceous, strongly transverse, trapezoidal, depressed posteriorly before angles. Anterior margin broadly rounded. Anterior angles broadly rounded. Posterior angles with an obsolete oblique ridge. Entire surface shining with small punctures, each with a long and very fine seta. Scutellum testaceous, somewhat elongate and triangular. Elytra: Testaceous with a dark brown band, starting at posterior third and ending at apex, with 3 distinct costae, coarsely punctured; punctures, large and close together but superficially impressed and so not individually discernible. Pubescence dense; setae yellow, fine and long. Elytral margins distinctly bordered at sides and apex. Underside: Completely testaceous. Aedeagus: Lateral lobes narrow, angular posteriorly ending in a ridge and a sharp point dorsally. median lobe with a sharp ridge dorsally. Female: Unknown. Measurements: TL: 6.4 –8.0 mm; TL-H: 5.3–6.6 mm; HL: 1.0– 1.3 mm; HW: 1.7–2.1 mm; LP: 1.6–2.1 mm. Type material: Holotype 3 (NHMB): “Dhad Khola, Kabre, 600 m, 31.V. 1989 / Nepal, Bagmati, M. Brancucci” [white printed label]. “ Holotype Lamellipalpus longipalpis n.sp. Brancucci & Geiser 08” [red printed label]. 13 paratype (NHMB): “Chivo Busty, 21.IV. 1985, India, Darjeeling D., Narayan B. 13 paratype (NHMB): “Umg. Kalimpong, Darjeeling Distr., India, Bhakta B., 11.IV. 1979 ”. Both paratypes labelled as follows: “ Paratype Lamellipalpus longipalpis n.sp. Brancucci & Geiser 08” [red printed label]. Etymology: The name was selected for this species because of the remarkably long palpi. Remarks: The 2 paratypes differ in some minute features from the holotype. The specimen from Umg. Kalimpong has the same head configuration and similar long palpi, whilst the specimen from Chivo Busty has shorter palpi and a larger head with more widely separated eyes. Furthermore, both specimens are of smaller size, 6.5 mm against 8.0 mm, but the colour of the elytra is almost identical to that of the holotype. Affinities: This species can be distinguished from all other known species by the testaceous brown elytra with an oblique dark brown band, by the suparallel body, and by the larger head and extremely long maxillary and labial palpi. Distribution: Nepal (Bagmati Zone) and India (Darjeeling District).Published as part of Brancucci, Michel & Geiser, Michael, 2009, A revision of the genus Lamellipalpus Maulik, 1921 (Coleoptera, Lampyridae), pp. 1-20 in Zootaxa 2080 on pages 15-16, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.18733
Peltariosilis major Biffi & Geiser 2020, sp. nov.
No full text<i>Peltariosilis major</i> sp. nov. <p> <b>(Figs. 4 E-H, 5F, 10F, 12F, 13C, 14C, 15I-L)</b></p> <p> <b>Type series:</b> HOLOTYPE ♂ (INPA):“ BRASIL, Amapá, Serra do Navio, / Estrada Lagoa Azul, / 0˚52′52″N–51˚58′49″W, / Varredura, 18.iv.2014, J. T. / Câmara, A. Plant & J.A. Rafael // Peltariosilis / n. sp. / det. M. Geiser 2018” (Fig. 5F).</p> <p> <b>Diagnosis:</b> Pronotum with laterobasal lobe flattened, apex curved downwards, with acute lateral spine; dorsal projections very small, sharp, distal margins sinuous, with acute lateral apex acute, pointing posteriorly; scutellar projection lamellar, long, triangular, nearly symmetrical, regularly narrowing apically. <i>Peltariosilis major</i> sp. nov. differs from all other species by the very small dorsal projections of pronotum and by laterobasal lobes flattened dorsally with apex acute curved downwards.</p> <p> <b>Description:</b> Head mostly black, slightly lighter at anterior margin of clypeus; maxillae and labium testaceous yellow; mandibles light brown, darker apically; antennae mostly black, antennomeres I-II orange brown, X-XI dark brown; pronotum and scutellum light orange brown, slightly translucent; elytra dark brown, lighter at lateral margins; legs light orange brown; thorax and abdomen dark brown.</p> <p> <b>Male:</b> (Fig. 5F): Antennae short; antennomere I elongate, slightly wider apically,II short, cylindrical,III-VIII nearly fusiform,slightly swollen,IX-XI slender.Pronotum (Fig.10F): anterior margin broadly arched, continuous with frontolateral lobes; laterobasal lobe with one small acute lateral spine, dorsal surface flattened, posterior margin sharp, oblique, apex acute, strongly curved downwards; dorsal projections very small, posterior margin sharp, sinuous, with small acute lateral spine pointing posteriorly. Scutellum (Fig. 12F) with a long, nearly symmetrical, triangular lamellar projection, regularly narrowing apically. Elytra nearly parallel,slightly wider posteriorly;apex truncate. Abdominal tergite VIII (Fig. 13C) very broad, trapezoidal, lateral margins broadly rounded, wider medially; glandular pores not protruding; distal margin concave, with a small, shallow rounded median notch. Ventrite VII (Fig. 14C) wide, lateral margins slightly convergent posteriorly, wider anteriorly; posterior margin arched; internal margins of median incision nearly parallel, halves broadly separated. Aedeagus (Fig. 15 I-L): ventral plaque of tegmen lateroventral, as long as internal sac, flattened laterally, broad, apex oblique with an acute dorsal pointing tip; parameres fused at base and broadly divergent apically and curved dorsally, apex rounded with small tip pointing dorsally; median lobe membranous, translucent; internal sac tubular, very elongate, slightly curved dorsally, moderately sclerotised, apex membranous; one pair of median dorsal sclerites sinuous, divergent at base than convergent at apex,apex acute, slightly curved ventrally; one pair of short, acute, sclerotised lateral sclerites; paramedian dorsal sclerites elongate, slightly curved internally narrowing at apex, flanking median dorsal sclerites; ventral sclerites not flanking internal sac, parallel to dorsal sclerites and paramedian dorsal sclerites, very elongated, slender, sinuous, curved internally, apex acute, convergent, directed ventrally.</p> <p> <b>Female:</b> Unknown.</p> <p> <b>Etymology:</b> The specific epithet <i>major</i> (Latin for“larger”) refers to the larger size of the species in comparison with the others.</p> <p> <b>Distribution:</b> Brazil (Amapá state) (Fig. 18).</p>Published as part of <i>Biffi, Gabriel & Geiser, Michael, 2020, A revision of Peltariosilis Wittmer (Coleoptera: Cantharidae), a surprisingly diverse Amazonian radiation, pp. 1-26 in Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia (Pap. Avulsos Zool., S. Paulo) (Pap. Avulsos Zool., S. Paulo) 60 (16)</i> on pages 7-9, DOI: 10.11606/1807-0205/2020.60.special-issue.16, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/4984973">http://zenodo.org/record/4984973</a>
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
No full textThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
No full textWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Prionocerus championi Geiser, 2010, n. sp.
No full textPrionocerus championi n. sp. Holotype 3: "W Sumatra, Padang env., 200–500 m, S. Jakl lgt., IV. 1995 "; NHMB. Paratypes (1 3 ): 1 3: same data as the holotype (NHMB). Type locality: Padang, Sumatra, Indonesia. Measurements 3 (n = 2): TBL 9.9–10.7 mm, L-h 8.4 –9.0 mm HL 1.5–1.7 mm, PL 1.7–1.8 mm, EL 6.7–7.2 mm Differential diagnosis: Very similar in coloration to P. m a l a y s i a c u s and P. opacipennis, distinguished mainly by the shape of the aedeagus and the last abdominal sternite in males, but also easily recognizable by antennal shape. Elytra and pronotum slightly more slender than in P. coeruleipennis. Body size smaller than in P. wittmeri. Easily distinguished from P. b i c o l o r, P. paiensis and P. viridiflavus by coloration. Description: Habitus as in fig. 40 (3). Body metallic dark blue, partly with greenish lustre. Pronotum bright reddish orange. Elytra metallic dark green, in a small area at the base and around the shoulder, as well as the scutellum metallic blue. Antennae black, with the last segment reddish brown and the first three segments lighter reddish and a bluish black stripe on the dorsal surface. Maxillary and labial palpi mostly reddish brown, parts of each segment infuscate to almost black. Outer edge of labrum yellowish brown. Legs dark bluish black, claws reddish brown. Head behind the eyes about half as wide than the middle part of the pronotum. Vertex not very shining, sparsely and very finely punctate. Frons between eyes sparsely punctate, at its narrowest part about half as broad as the length of the first antennal joint (males); in front of the eyes depressed and slightly rugose. Clypeus almost rectangular, broader than long, slightly shagreened. Labrum about as long as wide, rather flat and more coarsely punctate then the head, with wrinkly microsculpture and some longer blackish setae. Male antennae reaching the first quarter of the elytra in length, until slightly after the humeral callus. First three segments subfiliform (basal one slightly incrassate), segments 4 and 5 slightly widened and flattened, 6– 10 of subtriangular shape, gradually more strongly widened and flattened. Last segment robust, not conspicuously widened, but clearly emarginate. First segment long, second very short, less than one third as long, third to fifth again long, although not quite as the first, sixth to tenth slightly decreasing in length, but increasing in width, the last segment longest, about one third longer than the first. Pronotum slightly longer than broad, widest around the middle, maximal length: maximal width 1: 0.95; subhexagonal, all angles rounded, hind angles approximately 100 °; all pronotal margins distinctly bordered, broadly and conspicuously around hind angles, narrowly at the front margin; basal half shallowly, obliquely impressed at both sides of the disc, part around hind angles slightly convex; shining and without any microsculpture; basal half with some yellowish, suberect pubescence, while the sparse hairs on the fore half are more blackish; the outer margin bearing few longer, black, hair-like setae. Elytra almost exactly fitting the description of P. opacipennis above, apical half slightly less flattened, punctures slightly deeper and a bit less dense and rugose in the basal area. Scutellum like in P. coeruleipennis. Femora slightly metallic, with fine punctures and short blackish hairs and setae. Tibiae also slightly metallic, covered with blackish setae. Tarsi not metallic, with blackish or brownish setae. Abdomen with rather long, sparse, greyish, recumbent pubescence and some longer black, suberect setae; with rather sparse, shallow punctures and somewhat rugose texture. Male: Last abdominal sternite larger, especially longer, than in all the preceding species, basal half of almost cylindrical shape, apical half nearly semicircular (fig. 27). Basal margin rather deeply emarginate, in the middle with almost triangular incision (although the angle is still rounded). The apical margin deeply incised, deeper than in P. coeruleipennis, the opening large and of subtriangular shape with rounded angles. The last tergite very shallowly, inconspicuously emarginate. Aedeagus (figs. 5, 12, 19): Process of phallobase straight; the whole phallobase strongly curved and bent downwards to an angle of about 90 ° (in relation to the apex of the parameres). Parameres (lateral view) after the base very thick (more than double as broad as in P. coeruleipennis), then with a very conspicuous semicircular emargination, bearing some long, brownish hairs along its edge; after the emargination again thickened, drawn into an almost spoon-shaped tip, with some minute teeth around the inner edge of the apex. Seen in dorsal view, the parameres are narrow, largely gaping, slightly curved and never parallel as in P. coeruleipennis and relatives. Median lobe rather robust, with its basal part strongly curved (about 90 °), then not straight but slightly sinuate, apical part not abruptly flattened and without dorsal hook. In dorsal view with very elongate, subparallel ostium, whose hind end is not clearly delimited; after the ostium narrowed and with a long, parallel-sided tip with a very fine central furrow. Sexual dimorphism: Unknown, there were no females available. Variability: Unknown, the available material is too limited. Distribution (fig. 45): So far known only from the type locality in West Sumatra, Indonesia. Probably endemic to this island. Derivatio nominis: Named in honour of the famous British entomologist George Charles Champion (1851–1927), author of the most important and most useful work on Prionoceridae ever published (Champion 1919).Published as part of Geiser, Michael, 2010, Studies on Prionoceridae (Coleoptera: Cleroidea). II. A revision of the genus Prionocerus Perty, 1831, pp. 1-48 in Zootaxa 2328 on pages 36-37, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.19309
Phylogenetic diversity of insecticolous fusaria inferred from multilocus DNA sequence data and their molecular identification via FUSARIUM-ID and Fusarium MLST
No full textWe constructed several multilocus DNA sequence datasets to assess the phylogenetic diversity of insecticolous fusaria, especially focusing on those housed at the Agricultural Research Service Collection of Entomopathogenic Fungi (ARSEF), and to aid molecular identifications of unknowns via the FUSARIUM-ID and Fusarium MLST online databases and analysis packages. Analyses of a 190-taxon, two-locus dataset, which included 159 isolates from insects, indicated that: (i) insect-associated fusaria were nested within 10 species complexes spanning the phylogenetic breadth of Fusarium, (ii) novel, putatively unnamed insecticolous species were nested within 8/10 species complexes and (iii) Latin binomials could be applied with confidence to only 18/58 phylogenetically distinct fusaria associated with pest insects. Phylogenetic analyses of an 82-taxon, three-locus dataset nearly fully resolved evolutionary relationships among the 10 clades containing insecticolous fusaria. Multilocus typing of isolates within four species complexes identified surprisingly high genetic diversity in that 63/65 of the fusaria typed represented newly discovered haplotypes. The DNA sequence data, together with corrected ABI sequence chromatograms and alignments, have been uploaded to the following websites dedicated to identifying fusaria: FUSARIUM-ID (http://isolate.fusariumdb.org) a
State forest administration, donor support, and forest realities in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province of Pakistan
No full textThe management of forests involves, very basically, three main issues: (i) how the forest resources under consideration should be used, for what purpose, and by whom; (ii) to decide on a specific procedure on how the use of forests in the agreed manner should be organised; and finally (iii) the practicing or implementation of the decisions taken. In all these three basic dimensions of forestry, various groups of people want their ideas to be considered. Generally, one distinguishes between the state and its line departments, the local people or communities (or citizens), the civil society, and (specifically so in southern contexts) the development donors. The dominant global discourse argues that the state is the custodian of forests in the name of the people and the nation as a whole. Therefore, state Forest Departments are mandated to oversee and implement forest policy, enabled to do so through policies, laws, rules, management tools, enforcement powers, finances and staff. This is a very general overview, but it holds true for most countries on our globe – and it holds true as well for Pakistan and its Khyber Pakthunkwa (KP) Province. The present article describes and discusses this official system of forest governance, its evolution over time, and the enormous challenges it faces at present
Jacob Steiner's Vorlesungen über synthetische Geometrie.
No full text1. T. Die Theorie der Kegelschnitte in elementarer Darstellung; bearb. von Dr. C. F. Geiser.--2. T. Die Theorie der Kegelschnitte gestützt auf projective Eigenschaften; bearb. von Heinrich Schröter [und] durchgesehen von Rudolf Sturm.Mode of access: Internet
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