1,720,956 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Theoretical tools for simulation of vibrationnal spectroscopy and reactivity of PAHs in the interstellar medium : critical analysis and new approaches
No full textLes hydrocarbures aromatiques polycycliques (HAP), une famille de molécules composées de cycle de carbones agrégés, sont suspectés depuis de nombreuses années d’être à l’origine des bandes infrarouges non identifiées (UIB) qui sont des bandes d’émission détectées dans de très nombreuses régions du milieu interstellaire. Il est communément admis de nos jours que les HAP sont omniprésents dans le milieu interstellaire (ISM) et sont donc un acteur majeur de nombreux phénomènes s’y déroulant, de la naissance des étoiles à la formation de l’hydrogène moléculaire. Malgré cela, aucune identification certaine d’un HAP au sein du milieu interstellaire n’a pu être menée à bien. Pour attaquer le problème de l’attribution de bandes dans le spectre infrarouge, il est nécessaire, entre autres, de disposer de données théoriques précises sur les différents HAP (linéaires, coudées, etc.) dans leurs différents états de charge, d’hydrogénation ou, même, environnements (adsorption sur des grains de poussière interstellaires, présence de glace. . . ). En ce sens, on peut également considérer que les HAP constituent des sondes moléculaires très appropriées pour interroger le milieu interstellaire. Le but de cette thèse est d’analyser en profondeur les différents outils théoriques les plus répandus ainsi que de proposer méthodologies et développements techniques permettant d’améliorer les descriptions théoriques actuelles et de déverrouiller des limitations techniques afin de servir de guide dans le choix des méthodes pour les études futures. Dans un premier temps, nous nous sommes penchés sur le problème de la surestimation des intensités des bandes dans la zone de stretching-CH dans les spectres infrarouges théoriques des HAP, qui est particulièrement difficile à reproduire. Afin de comprendre les fondements sous-jacents à cette description anormale, nous avons systématiquement échantillonné les différentes familles de fonctionnelles DFT ainsi que les différentes bases électroniques pour étudier le HAP modèle, naphtalène, et d’autres molécules chimiquement proches. Nous avons démontré que la correction longue portée possède un fort impact sur ces calculs (cas harmonique et anharmonique), en particulier dans la région qui nous intéresse, la stretching C-H. Notre étude met aussi en évidence des erreurs numériques dues à la présence de bases contenant des fonctions diffuses. Enfin, nous proposons une approche méthodologique qui minimes toutes ces erreurs. Dans un second temps, nous présentons la première application d’un nouvel algorithme, van der Waals Transition State Search Using Chemical Dynamics Simulation (dit vdW-TSSCDS), dans le champ de la réactivité des HAP dans l’ISM, plus spécifiquement pour l’étude de l’hydrogénation de notre HAP modèle, le naphtalène. L’hydrogénation des HAP est un mécanisme crucial, notamment pour la formation de l’hydrogène moléculaire dans l’ISM qui est essentielle pour les modèles astrophysiques. La méthode vdW-TSSCDS permet de trouver de manière totalement automatisée tous les points stationnaires de la surface d’énergie potentielle d’un système moléculaire ou intermoléculaire pouvant contenir des liaisons covalentes et van der Waals et en considérant les trois approximations : monomère rigide, semi-rigide et complètement flexible. Nous avons démontré la faisabilité et l’efficacité de cette méthodologie dans le cadre de la première hydrogénation du naphtalène en obtenant le réseau de réaction complet, c’est-à-dire tous les états de transition (TS) et les minima, ainsi que les chemins de plus basse énergie les reliant. Nos résultats nous ont permis d’obtenir tous les TS qui n’étaient pas encore décrits ainsi que des configurations stables de basse énergie de type indène. Nous présentons également quelques résultats préliminaires sur la seconde hydrogénation et établissons des lignes claires pour l’avancement de ce type de recherche en utilisant cette méthodologie qui permet d’aller au-delà de l’intuition chimique.Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), a family of molecule consisting of fused carbon cycles are suspected for many years to be responsible for the unidentified infrared bands (UIB) which are some emission features detected in many regions of the interstellar medium. It is now generally accepted that PAHs are ubiquitous in the interstellar medium and a key factor in a lot of events in these regions, from the birth of stars to molecular hydrogen formation. However, no PAH has never been formally identified in the interstellar medium. To address the bands allocation problem in the infrared spectra, scientists need, among others, precise theoretical data on different PAHs (linear, bent, etc.) in different charge,hydrogenation state or, even, environment (adsorption on interstellar dust, occurrence of ice. . . ). In this regard, one can also view the PAH as a molecular probe for the interstellar medium. The goal of this thesis is to perform an in-depth analysis of the most common theoretical tools as well as provide new methodologies and technical developments in order to improve current theoretical descriptions and unlock technical limitations with the aim to serve as a guide for future studies. At first, we looked at the problem of the intensity overestimation in the CH-stretching region of the PAH infrared spectra, which is especially difficult to reproduce. In order to understand the foundations of this anomalous description, we have systematically sampled the different families of DFT functionals as well as the electronic basis set to study the model PAH, naphthalene and some chemically close molecules. We have demonstrated that the long-range correction strongly impact these calculations (harmonic and anharmonic cases), especially in our region of interest, the CH-stretching. Our study highlights some numerical errors due to the presence of diffuse functions in the electronic basis set. Finally, we propose a methodological approach to minimise all these errors. Secondly, we report the first application of a new algorithm, van der Waals Transition State Search Using Chemical Dynamics Simulation (vdW-TSSCDS), in the field of PAH reactivity in ISM, more specifically the hydrogenation of our model PAH, naphthalene. PAH hydrogenation is a key mechanism, especially for molecular hydrogen formation in the ISM, which is critical for astrophysical models. vdW-TSSCDS method provides, in a totally automated fashion, all the stationary points for the potential energy surface of a molecular or intermolecular system which may contain covalent and van der Waals bonds, taking into account the three approximations : rigid monomer, semi-rigid and fully flexible. We have demonstrated the feasibility and efficiency of this methodology in the context of the first hydrogenation of naphthalene by obtaining the whole reaction network, i.e. all the transition states, minimas and lowest energy paths between them. With our results, we were able to find all the previously undescribed TS as well as low-energy species of the indene type. Furthermore, we report some preliminary results on second hydrogenation and establish some clear lines for the progress of this type of research by using this methodology allowing going beyond chemical intuition
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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