1,721,015 research outputs found
Instructional Explanations in Physics Teaching
No full textExplaining physics is at the core of physics teaching. Teachers explaining science matter is surely a standard situation in the science classroom. Such verbal attempts with the goal to engender students’ understanding have been described as ‘instructional explanations’. When planning an instructional explanation as a part of their science teaching teachers might wonder about different questions: What is ‘explaining’, what are ‘instructional explanations’—and is that not a form of outdated, teacher-centred instruction?What are the characteristics of effective instructional explanations? Can instructional explanations be effective at all or is it always the better choice to motivate students for self-explanations?Is there a ‘general rule of thumbs’ to decide as a teacher what and when to explain?How can I plan an effective instructional explanation and how can I integrate it into my teaching?There are so many explaining videos on physics topics—can I rely on them? How can I integrate explaining videos into effective science teaching? The chapter will address all of these questions by referring to a framework of effective instructional explanations based on empirical studies from science education and instructional psychology. The results of these studies will be described in the form of core ideas of effective instructional explanations and their integration into a learning process. We will discuss circumstances under which a physics teacher might rely on instructional explanations—and we will describe when to better avoid them. Finally, we will apply the core ideas on explaining videos (e.g. from YouTube) and discuss how to use them in science teaching (e.g. flipped classroom, students producing their own explaining videos).No Full Tex
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Complexity and Simplicity: Looking Back and Looking Forward
No full textWe hope that the chapters collected here offer a range of research-informed perspectives on simplicity and complexity in science education that will be of value to the international science education research community as we collectively seek to enhance the educational experiences we offer students and the outcomes of those experiences in their lives and our society. This closing chapter seeks to loop back to the themes outlined in Chapter 1 and explicate the relationships of the chapters to these themes and aspirations, and to consider future trends in science education research and teaching with the potential to serve human society as it engages with major global challenges.No Full Tex
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Developing an approach to the performance-oriented testing of science teachers’ action-related competencies
No full textMeasuring teachers’ skills to carry out the complex tasks required in teaching is an important means of evaluating the effectiveness of teacher education but remains a challenging activity to conduct in practice. It is necessary to optimise approaches for usability and effectiveness along a continuum from low-effort and low-authenticity measures such as paper-and-pencil tests to high-effort, high-authenticity measures such as extended classroom observations. The first part of the paper reviews a range of efforts toward measuring the competencies of teachers and other professionals in carrying out the tasks that make up their work. These include performance tests such as computer-based simulations or simulations using actors, as well as the use of tasks requiring participation in or responses to video vignettes. Video vignette approaches typically have been less interactive than performance tests and interactivity is seen as a desirable feature. A novel framework for developing performance-oriented testing is then outlined. The second part of the paper exemplifies this framework in relation to providing explanations in physics classrooms. The development of a novel test instrument following the framework is described, and findings on construct validity are presented to support the applicability of the presented approach.Full Tex
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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