1,720,956 research outputs found
التنظيم القانوني للإعلام بين مقتضيات الحرية وضوابط الحماية
Full text linkتعتبر حرية التعبير من أهم حقوق الإنسان؛ مما يعني الحق في أن يكون الإنسان حُرًّا بشأن ما يبديه من آراء، ومنشورات، وبحوث، بأية وسيلة من وسائل التعبير. وحرية الإعلام تنبع من حرية التعبير، وهي تشكّل أهمّ تطبيقاتها.
وتؤكّد أغلب الدساتير والقوانين والاتفاقيات الدولية على حرية الإعلام؛ باعتبار أنّها تعزز مشاركة المواطنين في القضايا العامة، ودعم أنظمة الحكم الرشيدة، وتساهم في دعم التنمية المستدامة، والنمو الاقتصادي.
إلاّ أنّ حرية الإعلام، ليست حقًا مطلقًا، بل لديها حدود تتضمن واجبات ومسؤوليات، وقد تخضع لقيود تهدف إلى حماية النظام العام وحقوق الآخرين في مجتمع ديمقراطي يحكمه القانون.
ومن ثمّ وجب تقييد هذه الحرية، إذا لزم الأمر؛ حماية للأمن القومي، أو السلامة العامة، والدفاع عن النظام العام ومنع الجريمة، وحماية الصحة، أو الأخلاق، وحماية سمعة الآخرين، أو حقوقهم.
لذلك، تهدف هذه الدراسة إلى البحث في كيفية التوفيق بين ضمان حرية الإعلام، ومراقبة ممارسته؛ٍ خاصة مع تطور أشكال الإعلام، وظهور وسائل جديدة.Freedom of expression is one of the most important human rights, meaning the right to be free in terms of opinion, publication, and research that can be produced by any means of expression. Freedom of the media emanates from freedom of expression and is the most important of its applications.
Most constitutions, laws, and international conventions emphasize media freedom as they promote citizen participation in public matters, support good governance, and contribute to sustainable development and economic growth.
However, freedom of information is not an absolute right. Indeed, this justifies limits to this freedom that include duties and responsibilities, and may be subject to restrictions aimed at protecting public order and others’ rights in a democratic society governed by law.
This freedom must therefore be restricted, if necessary, to protect national security or public safety, defend public order and prevent crime, protect health or morality, and protect reputation or rights of others.
This research aims at casting light on ways to reconcile the guarantee of freedom of information with the control of its practice, especially as media forms evolve and new media emerge
Safety obligation in Tourism Contract: Comparative Study between Qatari and French Law
Full text linkيطرح هذا البحث مشكلة ضمان السلامة في عقود السياحة والسفر، حيث يهدف السائح أو المسافر إلى الحصول على الترفيه والاستمتاع، ولكنّه من جانب آخر يجب أن يحظى برعاية وكالة السياحة على وجه تلتزم معه هذه الأخيرة بأن تضمن عودته إلى الجهة التي انطلق منها، سليمًا معافىً غير مصاب بأية أضرار على وجه الخصوص الأضرار البدنية. وقد تحرّينا هذه المسألة في كل من القانون القطري والقانون الفرنسي، وانتهينا إلى اقتراح أن يحذو كل من القضاء والتشريع القطري حذو التشريع والقضاء الفرنسي، في تأكيد قيام هذا الالتزام في العقود التي تبرمها شركات السياحة والسفر في دولة قطر.This research raises the problem of ensuring safety in tourism and travel contracts, where the tourist or passenger aims to get entertainment and enjoyment, but on the other hand he should be sponsored by the tourism agency in a way that the latter is committed to guaranteeing his return to the destination from which he started. The tourist has the right to reach his destination healthy, safe and particularly without physical damage.
We have examined this issue in both Qatari and French law, and we have concluded that both the Qatari judiciary and legislation should follow the French legislation and judiciary, in implementing that commitment of tourism and travel companies when they implement the tourism contracts in the State of Qatar
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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