1,720,964 research outputs found
Study of the effects of stress mediators on the intestinal immunity of piglets
No full textLe sevrage est une période critique en élevage, les porcs étant exposés à différents challenges déclenchant une réponse de stress. L'activation de l'axe corticotrope est connue pour altérer les réponses immunitaires et la barrière intestinale in vivo, tandis que le rôle joué par les catécholamines est encore peu documenté. dans ce contexte, le premier objectif de ma thèse était d'étudier in vitro les effets de la stimulation des récepteurs adrénergiques sur les fonctions immunitaires et de barrière de cellules épithéliales intestinales de porc. La stimulation ß2-adrénergique réduit la sécrétion d'IL-8 par les cellules IPEC-J2. Elle induit un renforcement de l'intégrité de la barrière cellulaire médié par une augmentation de la synthèse de l'occludine, qui dépendrait de l'activation de MKP-1. Ainsi, la stimulation ß2-adrénergique renforce la barrière intestinale in vitro. Le second objectif était d'analyser, lors d'un essai clinique mené dans un élevage commercial, les conséquences de pratiques réduisant le stress des porcs durant les premières semaines de vie. Ces pratiques incluent l'hébergement des truies et de leurs portées en case maternité liberté, l'arrêt de la caudectomie et la socialisation des porcelets avec maintien des groupes sociaux jusqu'à l'abattage. L'association de ces pratiques a permis de réduire les lésions au sevrage, sans affecter à long terme la santé et les performances des individus, malgré la survenue d'épisodes de caudophagie. L'ensemble des résultats devrait permettre de mieux comprendre les conséquences des réponses de stress sur la santé des porcs, et de promouvoir des pratiques plus respectueuses de leur bien-être.Weaning is a critical period in animal husbandry, as pigs are exposed to different challenges triggering a stress response.Activation of the corticotropic axis is known to alter immune responses and the intestinal barrier in vivo, while the role of catecholamines is still relatively undocumented. In this context, the first objective of my thesis was to study in vitro the effects of adrenergic receptor stimulation on the immune and barrier functions of porcine intestinal epithelial cells. ß2 adrenergic stimulation reducs IL-8 secretion by IPEC-J2 cells. It induces an enhancement of cell barrier integrity mediated by an increase in occludin synthesis, which is thought to depend on MKP-1 activation. Thus, ß2 adrenergic stimulation strengthens the instestinal barrier in vitro. The second objective was to analyse, in a clinical study conducted in a commercial farm, the consequences of practices reducing stress in pigs during the first weeks of life. These practices included housing sows and their litters in a free farrowing pen, ending tail docking, and socializing piglets by maintaining social groups until slaughter. The combination of these practices reduced weaning lesions without affecting long-term health and performance of the animals, despite the occurrence of tail biting episodes. The overall results should lead to a better understanding of the consequences of stress responses on pig health and to promote more respectful practices for pig welfare
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
- …
