1,720,961 research outputs found
Assessing the effectiveness of alternative designs of greening measures. The case of Tuscany region
No full textEnvironmental regulation within the CAP is conducted by design a set of environmental instruments, among which the most important are cross-compliance and agri-environmental schemes, respectively under Pillar I and Pillar II. This paper aims at assessing the ex-ante impact of alternative designs of the greening measure, with the application of mathematical programming models. The design of the alternative scenarios encompasses the identification high effectively measures taking into account farmers preferences in front of greening commitments. Effectiveness of alternative greening designs, are assessed taking into account set of environmental benefit provided by farmers located in different agricultural areas (rural, urban, peri-urban) that describe potential drivers of HNV or a measure of sustainable management
Agricultural cooperatives contributing to the alleviation of rural poverty. The case of Konjic (Bosnia and Herzegovina)
No full textIn contemporary Bosnia and Herzegovina, rural poverty is an unresolved issue, despite farming having been a poverty coping strategy for many rural dwellers, especially after the end of the Balkan war. Eradicating poverty is among the priorities of the national government that aims at EU candidacy and accession. Being the most dynamic among agricultural sectors, berry farming is a key agricultural activity at the national level and had been the subject of rural development interventions, including the establishment of agricultural cooperatives. This article provides evidence from the largest agricultural cooperative in Bosnia and Herzegovina, to inform decision making and policy planning. The article aims at describing and analyzing the status and dynamics of poverty at the farm household level while highlighting their contributing factors, as well as at proposing possible development strategies based on the voice of local actors. Given the complexity and multifaceted features of the investigated issues, the methodological approach of this study relies on a mixed-methods research design, where the quantitative findings from the analysis of poverty status and dynamics and their contributing factors are complemented by qualitative findings from participatory activities. The results of the study pinpoint the successful contribution of the cooperative to the improvement of farmers' working conditions and market access and suggest that supporting collective action among berry farmers can be an effective rural development intervention to alleviate rural poverty and prevent poverty fallouts. To date, structural characteristics of farm holdings and households and climate and market-related conditions have significantly contributed to the farmers' poverty as well as to farmers’ exposure to poverty. Furthermore, bridging the gender gap is still a challenge in Bosnia and Herzegovina which should be addressed urgently to mitigate the problem of social exclusion and to promote bottom-up innovation
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Reusing drainage water and substrate to improve the environmental and economic performance of Mediterranean greenhouse cropping
No full textThe objective of this study is to provide decision makers and policy makers with adequate information to support the diffusion of reuse strategies in Mediterranean greenhouses. Sixteen alternative scenarios are compared through eco-efficiency analysis, combining four technologies to manage drainage water (open-loop fertigation vs. wastewater treatment plant vs. cascade cropping vs. closed-loop fertigation) with two substrate materials and two substrate management options at end-of-life. System differences are modelled through detailed primary data, collected and validated via a multi-step process. Results show that cascade cropping and closed-loop fertigation have, respectively, the highest and second-highest eco-efficiency, with respect to their ability to reduce freshwater eutrophication (up to −6,63 kg P) and marine eutrophication (up to −47.1 kg P eq), while generating profits for the farmer. Selecting a biodegradable substrate and reusing it on farm can increase greenhouse profitability by 20%. This article is a new contribution to the literature by (i) supporting the improvement and harmonisation of eco-efficiency analysis in the agricultural sector; (ii) providing a comprehensive comparative assessment that is missing from the published literature; (iii) giving special emphasis to data and the data collection process, to provide input to further research; (iv) by generating lessons learnt of practical usefulness for reducing uncertainty in decision making and policy making; (v) by delivering policy recommendations to address key barriers to the diffusion of eco-efficient greenhouse cropping. The involvement of local and multidisciplinary stakeholders is required to improve the methodological approach and the acceptability of the proposed solution, especially in case of trade-offs among the different impact domains, and to identify and prioritise tailored interventions on the conditions and stakeholder needs
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