1,720,955 research outputs found
In the Shadows: Perceptions of In-Person, Phone & Cyberstalking
No full textPrevious research has found that our perceptions of stalking severity, threat, and prevalence do not align with the true nature and scope of these criminal behaviours. Further, our judgments are influenced by the type of stalking involved in a case (i.e., over the internet versus being followed in person) and who we believe the stalker to be. As such, the present study was designed to assess perceptions of stalking severity and dangerousness in relation to the type of stalking (in-person, phone, cyber), gender of the stalker (man versus woman), stalker-victim relationship (stranger, acquaintance, or ex-partner), and the type of threat (self or other-harm). Participants read a vignette detailing an individual at a coffee shop on campus that began to stalk the victim, the details of which varied according to our variables of interest. Participants also completed measures of personality, bias, and a judgment questionnaire to assess perceptions of severity, threat, and necessity of criminal justice intervention. We anticipate that the highest ratings of dangerousness/severity/threat will be associated with in-person stalking where the stalker is a man, a stranger, and threatens to harm the victim. However, police intervention may be sought more in the phone and cyber groups, where demonstrable proof of stalking could be obtained. This study has implications the manner in which criminal justice professionals interpret stalking and criminal harassment.
Department: Psychology
Faculty Mentor: Dr. Kristine Peac
In the Shadows: Perceptions of In-Person, Phone, & Cyberstalking
No full textPrevious research has found that our perceptions concerning stalking characteristics and behaviours are misaligned with actual data on criminal harassment. In order to evaluate the extent to which views of stalking are influenced by our beliefs, the present study assessed perceptions of harassment in relation to the type of stalking (in-person/phone/cyber), gender of the stalker (man/woman), the stalker-victim relationship (stranger/acquaintance/ex-partner), and the types of threat involved (victim harm/self harm). Participants (N = 813) read a vignette detailing a series of related stalking incidents, and then completed a judgment questionnaire to assess perceptions of the crime, victim and perpetrator, and necessity of criminal justice intervention. Results indicated that cyberstalking was minimized, and that participants often failed to recognize behaviours associated with this form of harassment. Stalking perpetrated by men was seen as the most serious, and woman-perpetrated stalking was viewed as a sign of flattery and not violence. Finally, participants most readily identified stalking by strangers and associated this with the greatest levels of threat, dangerousness, and mental illness. Victim blaming also was evidenced in this study and was most prominent when stalkers and victims knew each other, especially as former intimate partners. These results reveal how public views on stalking are often in conflict with statistical data on crime commissions and how these could have legal ramifications on the perceptions of defendants and accusers in court.
Department: Psychology
Faculty Mentor: Dr. Kristine Peac
The Effects of Racial Identity, Racial Similarity and Typicality of Sexual Encounters on Perceptions of Consent
No full textTo our knowledge, there has been little or no empirical investigation of whether racial identity and racial similarity of participants influences how consensual an encounter appears to be. This project examines that question, for sexual encounters that script-typical and -atypical.Bias against interracial couples has been empirically documented in studies suggesting that a reaction resembling disgust is experienced towards images of interracial couples (Skinner & Hudac, 2017). Not only has this bias been documented implicitly but also explicitly through respondents\u27 reports. (Skinner & Rae, 2019). We know that emotions such as disgust can be used to inform decision making, moral judgments and perceptions (Haidt, 2001; Damasio, 1994). In this way, feelings of disgust toward interracial couples could affect judgments about the consensual nature of their sexual encounters. In addition, we examined whether racial identity and similarity influence our consent judgments more when the sexual encounter involves atypical rather than typical acts. Participants were presented with a typical or an atypical sexual encounter in which consent was equivalently portrayed. Before the story, participants were shown pictures of the male and female characters in the encounter. Racial identity (white/black) of both characters was randomized across participants. After reading the encounter, participants responded to items eliciting their perceptions of the consensual nature of the encounter as well as their feelings of disgust towards the characters. We reasoned that the negative affect one experiences toward inter- or other-race couples, here in the form of disgust, might inform participants\u27 judgments about how consensual a sexual encounter is, perhaps especially when the encounter is not typical. Results demonstrated that male or female race as well as typicality of the encounter played no significant role on the perceived consensuality of the encounters. Participants did report higher ratings of disgust in the atypical encounters then the typical encounters. It was also found that male race did have an effect on disgust rating for male and female characters.
Faculty Mentor: Aimee Skye
Department: Psychology
NOTE: This work is available as an abstract only
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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