78 research outputs found
EXTERNAL PHOTOEVAPORATION OF THE SOLAR NEBULA: JUPITER's NOBLE GAS ENRICHMENTS
No full textabstract: We present a model explaining the elemental enrichments in Jupiter's atmosphere, particularly the noble gases Ar, Kr, and Xe. While He, Ne, and O are depleted, seven other elements show similar enrichments (~3 times solar, relative to H). Being volatile, Ar is difficult to fractionate from H[subscript 2]. We argue that external photoevaporation by far-ultraviolet (FUV) radiation from nearby massive stars removed H[subscript 2], He, and Ne from the solar nebula, but Ar and other species were retained because photoevaporation occurred at large heliocentric distances where temperatures were cold enough (lesssim 30 K) to trap them in amorphous water ice. As the solar nebula lost H, it became relatively and uniformly enriched in other species. Our model improves on the similar model of Guillot & Hueso. We recognize that cold temperatures alone do not trap volatiles; continuous water vapor production is also necessary. We demonstrate that FUV fluxes that photoevaporated the disk generated sufficient water vapor in regions [< over ~]30 K to trap gas-phase species in amorphous water ice in solar proportions. We find more efficient chemical fractionation in the outer disk: whereas the model of Guillot & Hueso predicts a factor of three enrichment when only <2% of the disk mass remains, we find the same enrichments when 30% of the disk mass remains. Finally, we predict the presence of ~0.1 M [subscript ⊕] of water vapor in the outer solar nebula and protoplanetary disks in H II regions.Copyright IOP Publishing. This is the authors' final, peer-reviewed manuscript. Monga, Nikhil, & Desch, Steven (2015). EXTERNAL PHOTOEVAPORATION OF THE SOLAR NEBULA: JUPITER's NOBLE GAS ENRICHMENTS. ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL, 798(1), 0-0. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0004-637X/798/1/9. The final version as published can be viewed online at http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0004-637X/798/1/
The effects of status motives on consumer behavior
No full textHumans possess a fundamental motivation to signal social status, which has been defined as a higher perceived position compared to others that garners an individual more respect and admiration (Bellezza, Gino, and Keinan 2014; Dubois and Ordabayeva 2015; Dubois, Rucker, and Galinsky 2012). Attaining and signaling high social status is an important, fundamental human motivation that can affect consumer behavior (Bird et al. 2005; Bird, Smith, and Bird 2001; Durante and Griskevicius 2016). The current dissertation contributes to the literature on the antecedents and downstream consequences of status-signaling motivations.
Although the majority of the literature on status signaling suggests that such motivations enhance conspicuous indulgence (e.g., spending to signal wealth), Essay 1 demonstrates that status motives can lead to displays of self-control (e.g., choices of healthier foods and self-control enhancing technologies instead of indulgent foods and entertainment technologies). This finding is important because consumers often struggle to engage in self-control (Brendl, Markman, and Messner 2003), and this work highlights one motivation, status signaling, that consumers can use to prompt such behavior. Furthermore, this finding helps marketers understand the nuance in using status-signaling appeals to sell non-luxury products, which may ultimately increase their sales.
Essay 2 introduces a novel antecedent to status signaling. Specifically, it demonstrates that parenthood predicts status-signaling behavior, in that parents are more likely than non-parents to engage in conspicuous (vs. inconspicuous) luxury consumption. This occurs in part because parents believe that their social status will impact their living children. This research contributes to a growing literature on the cognitive processes behind the consumption behaviors of parents. The findings in this essay are an important addition to extant literature because parents are assumed to be warm, protective, helpful, and generous (Hodges and Park 2013) – traits that seem at odds with a desire for conspicuous consumption, which is often born out of a desire for personal gain (Dubois and Ordabayeva 2015; Lee and Shrum 2012; Torelli, Monga, and Kaikati 2012). By highlighting this novel, counterintuitive antecedent to status signaling, this work also reveals how firms may better anticipate parents’ product preferences.Ph.D.Includes bibliographical reference
'Only connect': Chunder Loo, Monga Khan and Australia's fugitive South Asians
No full textTHE PEOPLES OF the Indian subcontinent have a significant presence in contemporary Australian culture: as the second-largest non-European cohort of the population (after Chinese-born Australians) and the fourth-largest immigrant ethnic group; as Sri Lankan refugees languishing in offshore immigration detention; and as Melbourne taxi-drivers demonstrating against physical assault. More positively and more individually, we recognise the persons of test cricketers Usman Khawaja and Lisa Sthalekar; author, journalist and former SBS newsreader Indira Naidoo; comedian Nazeem Hussain; Melbourne artist Textaqueen; and Sydney rapper L-FRESH the LION – not to mention that other Lion, the Oscar-nominated movie starring Dev Patel in the character of adopted Australian boy Saroo Brierley. We are also regularly reminded of contemporary Indian Australians by the familiar image of Bengali hawker Monga Khan, one of the so-called ‘Afghan cameleers’ who sought exemption from the provisions of the Immigration Restriction Act 1901, and whose striking profile features in Peter Drew’s ongoing multiculturalist ‘Aussie’ street poster campaign
Rural Poverty Dynamics, Agricultural Productivity and Access to Resources
No full textThe objectives of this paper are: measure the prevalence of rural poverty in 1997 and 2000, based on the nationwide Tegemeo survey; categorize households according to whether they were above the poverty line in both 1997 and 2000, entered into poverty or exited from poverty between 1997 and 2000, or were above the poverty line in both years; identifies the household-level and community-level factors associated with rural poverty through econometric analysis; and the implications of these results for the design of appropriate poverty reduction strategies. Such analysis is intended to guide donor programs and interventions designed to attack the roots of chronic poverty.Food Security, Food Policy, Kenya, Rural Poverty, Food Security and Poverty, Productivity Analysis, Q18,
Ultra-Low Power Circuits for Batteryless Energy Harvesting Systems and Thermal Compensation in Resistive In-Memory Computing
No full textEmbedded systems, from wearable health monitors and implantable diagnostics to environmental sensor nodes, are becoming increasingly prevalent in modern life. These platforms are often expected to operate continuously under severe energy constraints, where frequent battery replacement is impractical. To address this, there is a growing need for ultra-low-power (ULP) circuits capable of harvesting ambient energy from sources such as radio frequency (RF) fields, biochemical reactions, and photovoltaic cells. Ensuring stable operation under these limited and varying energy conditions requires circuits with ULP consumption and robust performance under variations. This thesis presents an approach to the design, implementation, and experimental validation of ULP integrated circuits across multiple circuit blocks, tailored for energy-autonomous and flexible systems. The contributions span several key building blocks of energy-harvesting systems, including variation-insensitive voltage and current reference generators, RF-DC converters, low-dropout (LDO) regulators, and switched-capacitor (SC) DC-DC converters with finegrained, arithmetic progression-based voltage scaling. Further, the work introduces thermal compensation techniques to maintain computational accuracy for analog in-memory computing units under varying thermal conditions. The circuits presented in this thesis are designed and fabricated using a conventional CMOS in 65 nm and Pragmatic 600 nm flexible indium gallium zinc oxide (IGZO) based technology using unipolar TFT-based transistors.
Variation-insensitive reference generators form the foundation for reliable biasing across the circuits presented in this work. To address this, the thesis implements amplifier-free, MOS-based voltage and current references that ensure stable operation under varying conditions. A dual-mode, all-NMOS circuit is developed to function both as a voltage reference and a temperature sensor, enabling efficient circuit reuse in energy and area constrained systems. This circuit is further extended to flexible electronics, with a voltage reference designed using IGZO thin-film transistors. For energy regulation, an LDO based on IGZO unipolar transistors is presented, offering efficient voltage regulation under a low quiescent current of 150 nA. An RF-to-DC converter targeting operation in 13.56 MHz is also developed to harvest energy from wireless sources. To support energy sources with variable and degrading outputs, such as biofuel or zinc-air cells, a reconfigurable switched-capacitor DC-DC converter is introduced, with arithmetic progression control of voltage conversion steps of 0.125.
The proposed circuits are implemented for voided fluid volume sensing in smart diapers powered by urine-based energy harvesters. Additionally, voltage regulation using DC-DC converters operating from degrading and decaying energy sources has been designed. The circuits implemented are validated through system-level integration in practical applications. A smart diaper platform powered entirely by harvested urine energy demonstrates the feasibility of fully autonomous operation. Additionally, the thesis addresses thermal variability in analog in-memory computing arrays through two compensation techniques: one using programmable calibration, and another using on-chip thermal sensing for automatic adjustment. The circuits developed in this work enable energy-autonomous operation in batteryless systems and provide robust thermal stability for analog in-memory computing.navigointi mahdollistakuvilla vaihtoehtoiset kuvauksettaulukot saavutettaviastrukturell navigationalternativa textuella beskrivningar för bildertabeller tillgängligastructural navigationalternative textual descriptions for imagestables accessibl
How the search for meaning in life affects reactions to brand extensions
No full textMy dissertation assesses the effect of the search for meaning in life on consumer evaluations of brand extensions. Results from six studies demonstrate that for high hedonic brand extensions, consumers who are searching for meaning in life (vs. not searching) have more favorable brand extension evaluations. In contrast, no such difference emerges for low hedonic brand extensions. This is because high hedonic brand extensions provide excitement which fulfills the need for sensation-seeking for those who are searching for meaning in life (vs. not searching). When the sensation-seeking goal of those who are searching for meaning is fulfilled, the effect of searching for meaning in life on evaluations of hedonic brand extension dissipates. Furthermore, restoring meaning through counterfactual thinking and priming holistic thinking attenuates the effect of meaning in life on brand extension evaluations. To my knowledge, my research is the first to examine how the search for meaning in life—an overlooked concept in the marketing domain can affect consumer evaluations of different brand extensions. Moreover, my research identifies the need for sensation-seeking as the underlying mechanism driving the effect of the search for meaning in life on consumer responses to different types of brand extensions.Ph.D.Includes bibliographical reference
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