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PATENT: Charge Enhancement in Trigger Packs. International Publication Number WO 03/004170 A1
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Use of volatile additives to increase the antimicrobial efficacy of a corona discharge
No full textThe antimicrobial effects of charged reactive ion species produced by cold plasma discharges are well recognized. Total sterilization can be achieved on media in close proximity to the plasma source (1). The aim of this research was to investigate whether the antimicrobial efficacy of a corona discharge could be improved by the use of antimicrobial volatile additives in the gas mixture of the discharge. Volatile compounds known to have good antimicrobial effects, such as ethyl alcohol, cinnamon oil and the essential oil of Melaleuca alternifolia (tea tree oil) were evaporated into the air around the ground electrode of a point-to-grid geometry corona discharge. Testing against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus in enclosed booths showed that the use of some antimicrobial volatile additives, such as ethyl alcohol and cinnamon oil, can significantly increase the bactericidal effects of a corona discharge. In the case of tea tree oil, however, the reaction with the ionic species produced in a corona discharge seems to lower the antimicrobial activity. Our results suggest that the use of some volatile additive can increase the antimicrobial effects of a corona discharge
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Electrostatic targeting for allergen removal and pest control applications
No full textToday. in the United Kingdom, approximately one in seven infants are diagnosed with asthma in the first six months of life. There has been a dramatic increase in recent years, and asthma-related drugs now account for approximately 11% of the total prescription costs to the National Health in the UK (Department of Health, Asthma and Epidemiology, HMSO, 1995). In addition to medication, preventative measures include attempts to exclude the allergen from the domestic environment. This requires careful control of the most common asthma allergen, Der p1,which is conveyed by the waste products produced by the house dust mite (Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus). Acaricides may be used to kill the dust mites,but these have to be combined with allergen denaturing agents if eradication of the allergen is sought. Mechanical barriers such as mattress and pillow covers offer some protection from contact with the allergen, but often with a varying degree of success. High levels of allergen carriers are also known to exist in carpeting, and this can lead to a particularly undesirable environment for infants who frequently crawl with their faces close to, and sometimes in contact with, the carpet pile. Inhalation of allergen is usually unavoidable in this situation. Research has indicated that the use of electret fibres can dramatically enhance the anchoring of allergen carriers in the carpet pile. Electrostatic adhesion of the carriers to the electret fibres ensures that for normal traffic conditions, such as walking, crawling, playing etc, much less dust is released from the carpet; thus reducing the probability of inhalation. Dispensing domestic products in aerosol form has undoubtedly been a commercial success; offering considerable consumer advantages in applications ranging from paints, polishes and insecticides. The targeting of products in aerosol form may not, however, be optimised with a high proportion of the product often missing its target. It is well known that electrostatic spraying can enhance targeting, but this technology is normally limited to industrial processes such as paint and powder coating. A novel and unique aerosol package has been developed which charges the aerosol on delivery in a controlled manner. The Smartseeker-(-Smartseeker is a trademark of Reckitt Benckiser) insect seeking technology is now incorporated into a commercial aerosol insecticide, and is the world's first electrostatically optimised aerosol can which requires no active energy source. Flying insect knock-down is enhanced by up to 34% with this technology
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
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