1,721,050 research outputs found
Early auditory impairments as a candidate marker of attenuated sensory symptoms of psychosis.
Full text linkBackground and hypothesisDeficits in early auditory processing (EAP), as indexed by tone-matching performance, have been consistently demonstrated in individuals with schizophrenia spectrum disorders. However, the ontogeny of tone-matching deficits in schizophrenia remains relatively unknown. The current study aims to determine the relationship between clinical high risk for psychosis and EAP.Study designWe employed a web-based screening approach to identify CHR individuals. A sample of 892 community dwelling participants completed the 16-tem version of the prodromal questionnaire (PQ16) for the assessment of attenuated psychotic symptoms, a 9-item questionnaire of perceptual and cognitive aberrations (PCA) for the assessment of basic symptoms and a tone-matching task.Study results505 (43.4 %) participants met cut-off criteria for attenuated psychotic symptoms (PQ16 ≥ 6 endorsed items), 614 (68.3 %) for basic symptoms (PCA ≥ 3 endorsed items), 647 (72.0 %) for either and 358 (40.1 %) for both of them. No significant differences in tone-matching performance were observed between CHR and non-CHR subjects, using either attenuated psychotic symptoms, basic symptoms, either or both cutoffs. In the CHR group screened with attenuated psychotic symptoms, auditory and tactile sensory symptoms were significantly associated with tone-matching deficits.ConclusionTone-matching may not serve as a reliable biomarker for CHR status but rather a risk marker for the emergence of early sensory manifestations
Impacts of risk thresholds and age on clinical high risk for psychosis: a comparative network analysis
Full text linkOne of the main goals for supporting people with a psychotic disorder is early detection and intervention, and the detection of Clinical High Risk (CHR) is a major challenge in this respect. This study sought to compare core symptoms of CHR for psychosis networks based on two CHR self-assessment tools, across different risk thresholds and age groups. This cross-sectional online investigation analyzed 936 individuals for CHR, in France and the UK, with the Prodromal Questionnaire-16 (PQ-16) and the Perceptual and Cognitive Aberrations (PCA). Twelve different symptom networks were constructed, assessing relationships, compactness, centrality, predictability, and comparisons between them, based on different thresholds and age groups. In the above-threshold PQ-16 network, the most central symptom was “Voices or whispers”; in the PCA network, the most central symptom was “Non-relevant thoughts distract or bother”. They presented low overall predictability. No significant difference was found between them. This study makes three key contributions. First, this cross-network analyses highlight the relative importance of some central symptoms. Secondly, comparisons between networks demonstrate the unity of the CHR construct across scales, thresholds, and ages, affirming its phenotypic homogeneity, an essential issue for patient care pathways. Thirdly, the low average network predictability suggests the existence of unconsidered symptoms within these CHR networks. These results shed light on the organization of CHR symptoms using routine clinical questionnaires, offering insights for preventive targets in a logic of precision semiology
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Addressing the elephant in the screening room: an item response theory analysis of the Prodromal Questionnaire (PQ-16) for at-risk symptoms of psychosis
Full text linkObjective: within the context of patients at-risk of psychosis, where a variety of symptoms are present, identifying the most discriminative symptoms is essential for efficient detection and management.Methods: this cross-sectional online study analyzed individuals from the general population in order to better assess their risk of presenting symptoms belonging to the clinical high risk (CHR) for psychosis, called “CHR-related symptoms”. The Prodromal Questionnaire-16 (PQ-16) served as a self-report screening tool. Item response theory (IRT) with a graded response model was used to assess the discrimination and difficulty of its criteria.Results: the analysis included 936 participants (mean age: 21.5 years; 28.1% male, 71.9% female). “Déjà vu” stood out for its high discriminative power, while “Voices or whispers” and “Seen things” demonstrated strong precision relatively to the other CHR-related symptoms. Conversely, “Smell or taste” and “Changing face” were associated with the most severe cases relatively to the other CHR-related symptoms.Conclusions: this study identified the most indicative CHR-related symptoms to emphasize their significance in accurately assessing severity and guiding targeted preventative interventions.<br/
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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