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    Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis

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    The present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed

    Development of a Bose-Einstein condensate source for atom interferometry

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    Mon travail de thèse, réalisé au LCAR, s'inscrit dans le développement de nouveaux interféromètres atomiques fondés sur l'utilisation de condensats de Bose Einstein manipulés par des réseaux optiques. Ces nouveaux interféromètres permettront de surmonter les limites actuelles des interféromètres atomiques, ils sont notamment envisagés pour tester la relativité générale, la QED et de nouveaux modèles en physique des particules. Les études menées pendant ma thèse visent à dimensionner le nouvel interféromètre pour réaliser un test de la neutralité de l'atome grâce à une nouvelle approche fondée sur des mesures de déphasages induits par l'effet Aharonov-Bohm scalaire. Dans ce manuscrit, je présente dans une première partie, le dimensionnement et la réalisation d'une source d'atomes ultra-froids avec une méthode tout optique. Nous partons d'un nuage de 3.10^9 atomes à 20 µK pour arriver à un condensat pur de 2.10^4 atomes. Dans un second temps, je détaille la conception et la réalisation du réseau de diffraction optique. Je présente finalement une autre étude réalisée en parallèle, portant sur le développement d'une puce à atomes de taille millimétrique fabriquée au laboratoire. Les puces atomiques présentent l'avantage d'être compactes, elles requièrent une faible consommation énergétique et permettent d'avoir un taux de cycle rapide. Ainsi cette technologie ouvre de nombreuses perspectives pour d'éventuelles missions embarquées.My thesis consists in developing a new atom interferometer using Bose Einstein condensate sources. This new interferometer aims to overcome current state of the art sensitivity, and will be used to perform equivalence principle test, quantum electrodynamics, and theories beyond standard model. During my PhD, I designed and built a new interferometer to perform a test of atom electrical neutrality by taking advantage of the scalar Aharanov-Bohm effect. In this manuscript, I present, in a first part, the ultra-cold atom source obtained with an all optical method. An evaporation cooling was performed on a cloud of 3.10^9 atoms with a temperature of 20 µK to end up with a pure condensate of 2.10^4 atoms. In a second time, a laser setup was designed and built to create an optical diffraction lattice. In the meantime, a part of my work also consisted in developing a mesoscopic atom chip. The use of atom chip allows to considerably reduce the dimension of the apparatus, it requires a low electrical power and allows a high duty cycle. Such a technology offers new perspectives regarding space missions

    Variations on the Author

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    “Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship

    Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis

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    We provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis

    Gyromètre à atomes froids : Etude de la stabilité limite et des effets systématiques liés aux séparatrices lasers.

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    This thesis present the study of a cold atoms gyroscope based on atom interferometry. The interferometer used cold cesium atoms which are manipulated with stimulated Raman transitions. The improvement of the experimental setup have allowed to reach a sensitivity similar to the best optical fiber gyroscope. Especially, we characterized the performances bring about a new Raman laser desing and the atom detection system. In addition, we have studied spurious phase shifts induced by the Raman interactions and have shown they are the main limitation for the long term stability and the accuracy.Ce mémoire présente l'étude d'un gyromètre fondé sur l'interférence d'onde atomique. L'interféromètre utilise des atomes de césium refroidis et sont manipulés à l'aide de transition Raman stimulées. L'amélioration du dispositif expérimental a permis d'atteindre des sensibilités comparables aux meilleurs gyromètres à fibre optique. Nous avons notamment caractérisé les performances apportées par les modifications du ystème de lasers Raman et de détection des atomes. Par ailleurs, pour la première fois une étude complète d'un gyromètre à atomes froids est présentée. En particulier, nous avons montré que les déphasages induits lors des interactions Raman limitent à la fois la stabilité long terme des mesures et leurs exactitudes

    Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts

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    We conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more sophisticated methods

    Author Index

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    koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist

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    We have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used

    Towards a new source for atom interferometry coith double species Bose Einstein condensate

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    L'interférométrie atomique a démontré sa capacité à effectuer des mesures de grande précision, notamment pour la réalisation de capteurs inertiels, les tests de physique fondamentale ou la mesure de constantes fondamentales. Une piste pour l'amélioration de la sensibilité des interféromètres atomiques est la réduction de la dispersion en vitesse de la source en utilisant un ensemble d'atomes ultra-froids pour augmenter le temps d'interrogation des atomes et accroitre la séparation spatiale entre les bras de l'interféromètre. Un nouvel interféromètre atomique à bras séparés est en construction au Laboratoire Collisions Agrégats et Réactivité de Toulouse. Ce dispositif répond à deux objectifs. Premièrement sa conception a pour but l'étude et le développement de nouveaux types de sources de condensat de Bose-Einstein (C.B.E.) double espèce de rubidium 85 et 87 adaptées à l'interférométrie. Cette source de C.B.E. repose sur l'utilisation de puces pour la manipulation et le refroidissement des atomes. Cette technologie est compacte et consomment peu d'énergie, ce qui est adaptée aux applications spatiales. L'autre objectif est d'utiliser cet interféromètre pour tester la neutralité de la matière via l'effet Aharonov-Bohm scalaire. Dans ce manuscrit je commence par exposer et justifer les choix techniques fait lors du dimensionnement et de la construction de la source de C.B.E. double isotopes. Par la suite, je présente les premiers résultats expérimentaux accompagnés de simulations numériques et d'explications théoriques. Lors de la première étape de refroidissement laser nous produisons un nuage de rubidium 87 et 85 contenant 4 × 10^10 atomes à une température de 10 µK avec un taux de cycle de 1 s. A la suite du refroidissement laser 8 × 10^9 atomes sont chargés dans le piège magnétique millimétrique de surface. Différentes expériences de caractérisation sont réalisées et expliquées à la lumières de simulations numériques. L'étude des fréquences de piégeage et de la profondeur a révélé les limites du premier prototype de piège millimétrique que nous avons réalisé au laboratoire. Cependant ces développements expérimentaux et théoriques servent à développer et implémenter dans le dispositif une nouvelle génération de puce à échelle micrométrique.Atom interferometry has shown its interest for high precision measurements, such as inertial sensors, tests of fundamental physics or fundamental constant measurements. A way to improve sensitivity of such device is to reduce speed dispersion of the atomic cloud. The use of ultra-cold atoms allows increasing the interogation time of atoms and the spatial separation between the interferometer arms. The building of a new atom interferometer with separated arms is ongoing in the laboratory "Collisions Agrégats et Réactivité" at Toulouse. This new setup must meet two objectives. One aim of its conception is to study and develop a new kind of double species Bose-Einstein condensate (B.E.C.) source for atom interferometry with rubidium 87 and 85. This B.E.C. source relies on atom chip technology to cool down and manipulate atoms. This technology is compact and low power consuming, therefore suitable for transportable applications in space. A second aim is to use this interferometer to fix new boundary on the experimental value of atom neutrality thanks to the scalar Aharonov-Bohm effect. In this manuscript I start by exposing and justifying technical choices made for the design of the double isotope B.E.C. source. Then I present the first experimental results compared with numerical simulations and theoretical explanations. During the first laser cooling stage we produce a cloud including 4 × 10^10 rubidium atoms of both isotopes (87 and 85) at 10 µK. This operation can be repeated every second. Following the laser cooling 8×10^9 atoms are loaded into a millimeter sized magnetic trap. Various experiments were performed to characterize the trap. Studies of the trap frequency and depth revealed the limitations of this first prototype. However these theoretical and experimental developments led to design and future implementation of a new generation of micro-chip in our apparatus
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