1,720,985 research outputs found
An unusual case of right retrocaval ureter associated with ipsilateral ureterocele
No full textA 36-year-old man with right flank pain presented to our institution. Intravenous urography showed mild dilatation of the right pyelocaliceal system and large filling defect in the vesical lumen. Computed tomography revealed the right kidney to be smaller than the left, and with chronic pyelonephritis. The right ureter passed behind the inferior vena cava at the level of the pelvic-ureteral junction. The middle and lower ureter was dilated above a large ureterocele. Cystourethrography showed right vesicoureteral reflux. The patient underwent a resection of the ureterocele with reimplantation of the ureter. Follow-up at 3 months demonstrated resolution of the dilatation of the right ureter. © 2012 Elsevier Inc
Conservative treatment and radiological follow-up in a case of pneumatosis intestinalis associated with enteral tube feeding
No full textPneumatosis Intestinalis (PI) is a rare radiological finding and is defined as the presence of extra- luminal gas within the intestinal wall. PI can be distinguished in a benign form and a life-threatening form, burdened with high mortality. The correct management of PI must always take into account patient's history, his clinical context, laboratory test results and radiological findings, in order to administrate a proper therapy and avoid unnecessary surgical intervention. The pathogenesis of primary PI is still unknown and several theories have been proposed. Here, we report the case of a man with a previous severe traumatic brain injury who developed a transitory PI secondary to the enteral nutrition through a tube feeding, conservatively treated and underwent a radiological follow- up. Our report strengthens the relationship with enteral tube feeding and PI suggesting that any disaccharide used as pharmacological excipient or sweetener in the formulations for enteral tube feeding can potentially promote PI development, especially if administered in large quantities and in particular predisposing conditions. For this reason, the correct management of PI must always take into account patient's history, his clinical context, laboratory test results and radiological findings, in order to achieve a clear comprehension of its aetiology and administrate a proper therapy, avoiding unnecessary and potentially harmful surgery
3D FIESTA pulse sequence for assessing renal artery stenosis: is it a reliable application in unenhanced magnetic resonance angiography?
No full textResults: A total of 186 renal arteries were assessed; 36 had RAS ≥ 50 % demonstrated by CE-MRA. Ten patients underwent DSA, for a total evaluation of 22 arteries. Sensitivity, specificity, NPV, PPV, and accuracy of 3D FIESTA were 91.7 %, 100 %, 98 %, 100 %, and 98 %, respectively, as compared to CE-MRA, and 88.2 %, 100 %, 71.4 %, 100 %, and 91 %, respectively, as compared to DSA. The area under the ROC curve (AUC) of 3D FIESTA as compared to CE-MRA and DSA was 0.958 and 0.941, respectively.Conclusions: Our study demonstrated the capability of the 3D FIESTA sequence in evaluating RAS, with high-quality images and good diagnostic accuracy.Key Points: • The 3D FIESTA sequence provides a robust evaluation of RAS.• The 3D FIESTA sequence allows non-invasive evaluation of the renal arteries.• The 3D FIESTA sequence could be a useful tool in evaluating RAS.Methods: We retrospectively analysed 79 patients referred for suspected RAS, examined by 3D FIESTA and contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance angiography (CE-MRA), using a 1.5T whole-body scanner. Image quality was assessed as well as the presence and grade of RAS. Patients with RAS ≥ 50 % were evaluated for possible digital subtraction angiography (DSA). Sensitivity, specificity, negative predictive value (NPV), positive predictive value (PPV), and accuracy of 3D FIESTA were calculated with ROC analysis using CE-MRA and DSA as the standard of reference.Objectives: To assess the capability of the three-dimensional (3D) Fast Imaging Employing Steady-State Acquisition (FIESTA) sequence in evaluating renal artery stenosis (RAS)
ET‐1 plasma levels and scleral rigidity as risk factors in neovascular age‐related macular degeneration
No full textPurpose
To study the ocular blood flow, the corneal biomechanics, the scleral rigidity and the endothelin-1 (ET-1) plasma levels in patients with neovascular age-related macular degeneration (ARMD).
Methods
We enrolled 20 patients with ARMD and 20 age-matched control patients. Retrobulbar blood flow was examined by Colour Doppler Aplio 500 (Toshiba Medical System, Tokyo, Japan). Peak systolic velocity (PSV) and resistivity index (RI) was measured from ophthalmic artery (OA), central retinal artery (CRA) and posterior ciliary arteries (PCA’s). The corneal hysteresis CH and the corneal resistance force (CRF) values were achieved by Ocular Response Analyzer (ORA). Scleral rigidity (E) was determined by using Friedenwald nomograms. ET-1 plasma levels were determined using a specific radioimmunoassay (Sigma-Aldrich, Merck, Germany).
Results
We found a statistically significant difference in the CRF between patients with ARMD and control subjects (ARMD 11.23 ± 1.30 vs. Controls 9.82 ± 1.37; p<0.0025) was found. The CH index between patients with ARMD and control subjects was not statistically significant (ARMD 10.15 ± 1.25 vs. Controls 10.02 ± 1.70; p<0.617). With CDI in PCA’s we found PSV (ARMD 12.37 ± 2.80 cm/sec vs. Controls 15.44 ± 3.59 cm/sec; p<0.0063); RI (ARMD 0.80 ± 0.03 vs Controls 0.74 ± 0.02; p<0.0001). The E had a significant increase in ARMD group (ARMD 0.0358 ± 0.004 vs. Controls 0.0328 ± 0.004; p<0.008) as well as ET-1 plasma levels (ARMD 2.060 ± 0.276 vs. Controls 1.492 ± 0.0.560; p<0.001). Finally, in ARMD we found that the decrease of PSV and the increase of RI in PCA’s was correlated with the ET-1 plasma levels (PSV r-0.615; p<0.0039 and r 0.764; p<0.0001) and not with the values of E, CH and CRF.
Conclusions
Our data indicate that patients with neovascular ARMD had a significant increase of RI in all vessels examined with increased corneal CRF index, scleral rigidity values and ET-1 plasma levels. The decreased blood flow in APC’s was correlated to the increase of ET-1 plasma levels. These data indicate that elevated plasma ET-1 and not the scleral rigidity may be an important risk factor in the development of neovascular ARMD
Dynamic FDG PET/CT on bladder paraganglioma: A case report
Full text linkParaganglioma (PGL) is characterized by equivocal clinical manifestations and arriving to a suspicion might be challenging. Nevertheless, diagnostic imaging and nuclear medicine are a fundamental part of the diagnosis and management of this particular neuroendocrine tumor (NET). We herein report a rare case of bladder paraganglioma with unusual onset and typical PET/CT characteristics that led to its recognition
PI-RADS version 2.1 for the evaluation of transition zone lesions: a practical guide for radiologists
No full textMultiparametric magnetic resonance imaging has been established as the most accurate non-invasive diagnostic imaging tool for detecting prostate cancer (PCa) in both the peripheral zone and the transition zone (TZ) using the PI-RADS (Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data System) version 2.1 released in 2019 as a guideline to reporting. Transition zone PCa remains the most difficult to diagnose due to a markedly heterogeneous background and a wide variety of atypical imaging presentations as well as other anatomical and pathological processes mimicking PCa. The aim of this paper was to present a spectrum of PCa in the TZ, as a guide for radiologists
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Ectopic Prostatic Tissue May Cause Hydroureteronephrosis
No full textA 60-year-old man with left flank pain, fever, and nausea underwent an abdominal ultrasound and showed left hydroureteronephrosis without urinary calculi. Computed tomography urography showed moderate left hydroureteronephrosis and a hypodense paravesical mass of 1.7 cm with mild contrast enhancement just below the ipsilateral ureterovesical junction. Contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging showed a 48 cc prostate and confirmed a roundish mass, protruding into the bladder, hyperintense on T2-weighted images, hypointense on T1-weighted images, and with mild inhomogeneous contrast enhancement. Cystoscopy with cold cup biopsy was carried out. Histologic analysis revealed the presence of ectopic prostatic tissue with no evidence of malignancy
Multidetector CT urography in urogenital tuberculosis: use of reformatted images for the assessment of the radiological findings. A pictorial essay
No full textUrogenital tuberculosis (UGTB) is the most common form of extrapulmonary TB and is responsible for a destructive inflammation of the renal parenchyma and urinary tract often leading to the loss of kidney function. For these reasons, the early diagnosis of this disease, once considered disappeared in developed countries, is very important to establish a prompt and efficient treatment. However, the subtle and non-specific symptoms, often represented by recurrent and persistent lower urinary tract symptoms, can confound and delay the diagnosis. Therefore, an adequate and comprehensive imaging study is necessary in patients with persistent urinary tract infections not responding to the antibiotics and can suggest the hypothesis although bacteriological and/or histologic analysis is required for a definitive diagnosis. In the past years, intravenous urography (IVU) has allowed a comprehensive study of the urinary excretory tract, promoting the knowledge of the radiological findings of this disease. Nowadays, computed tomography urography (CTU), with the implementation of multidetector (MD) technology, has replaced IVU in all its indications; the MDCTU improves the assessment of renal and urinary tract lesions using reformatted images [such as multiplanar reconstruction (MPR) and maximum intensity projection (MIP)]. Therefore, our paper aims to provide a guide for radiologist for searching the classic signs of UGTB on MDCTU, encouraging the use of the MPR and MIP reformatted images
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