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On Distortion of the Medico-historical Veracity Regarding the Illness and Cause of Death of the Polish King Jan III Sobieski
No full textEmanuel de Jona (zwany też: dr Jonas, a po hebrajsku Symcha Menachem z Jony) był nadwornym lekarzem oraz osobistym medykiem króla Jana III Sobieskiego od 1671 roku aż do jego śmierci w 1696 roku. Musiał zmagać się z jego rozmaitymi dolegliwościami oraz chorobami, przede wszystkim z kiłą, która najprawdopodobniej była głównym medycznym problemem polskiego władcy. Po zgonie króla żydowski lekarz został oskarżony o wywołanie wczesnej śmierci monarchy przez otrucie go lekami rtęciowymi. W niniejszym artykule omawiamy medyczną historię króla Jana III oraz jego żony, znaną nam z różnorodnych, pierwotnych i wtórnych źródeł. Przedstawiona jest naturalna historia kiły we wczesnym okresie nowożytnym. Następnie próbujemy ustalić retrospektywną diagnozę głównych dolegliwości króla i sprawdzić rozmaite hipotezy dotyczące jego śmierci. Wnioskujemy, że król zaraził się kiłą od swojej żony, i że w późniejszych latach życia wykazywał symptomy trzeciego stadium kiły, głównie w układzie sercowo-naczyniowym. Przyczyną jego zgonu była najprawdopodobniej niewydolność serca będąca konsekwencją niedomykalności zastawki aortalnej. Omawiamy wnikliwie zjawisko autocenzury (wybielania historii), czyli jak współcześni historycy medycyny ignorowali świadomie bądź nieświadomie oczywiste prawdopodobieństwo, że król cierpiał i zmarł na kiłę; zjawisko wywołane bezkrytycznym podziwem polskiego monarchy.Emanuel de Jona (alias Dr. Jonas, and in Hebrew, Simcha Menachem Miyona) was a court physician and personal doctor to King Jan III Sobieski, from 1671 and until the king's death in 1696. He had to deal with a great variety of disorders and diseases that the King suffered from, and primarily with Syphilis, that was most probably the central medical problem of the Polish king. After the king's death the Jewish physician was accused of eliciting the monarch's early death by poisoning him with mercurial medication. In the present paper we discuss the medical histories of King Jan III and his wife, known to us from various primary and secondary sources. The natural history of Syphilis and the methods of its treatment during the Early Modern Period are depicted. Next, we attempt to establish a retrospective diagnosis of the king's principal ailment and examine the various hypotheses regarding the king's death. It is concluded that the king contracted syphilis from his wife, and that during his later years he presented symptoms of stage III Syphilis, predominantly cardiovascular. The cause of death was most probably congestive heart failure secondary to aortic regurgitation. We discuss at length the phenomenon of sanitization (self-censorship), i.e. how much modern researchers of the History of Medicine ignored subconsciously or intentionally the evident likelihood that the king suffered and died from Syphilis, a phenomenon triggered by a blind admiration of the Polish monarch
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Judaizing Emilia Lanier: Fruits of the Poisonous Tree
Get PDFIn 1973 A.L. Rowse brought Emilia Lanier (née Bassano) to much wider attention by announcing that he had identified her as the ‘Dark Lady’ of Shakespeare’s sonnets, though the claim was somewhat deflated when it was discovered that he had misread the word ‘brave’ in Dr Simon Forman’s Casebooks as ‘brown’. There was no evidence that she was ‘dark’ at all, though Rowse attempted to save his argument by emphasising her ‘Italianate’ lineage on Lanier’s father’s side (but ignoring her English mother). Six years later Roger Prior, an early supporter of Rowse, first made the claim that Lanier was in fact of Jewish extraction, the Bassano family having first moved to northern Italy (and adopted the name of the town where they settled) to escape persecution; and that they then moved to England, finding employment as royal musicians, but hiding their Jewish faith. For Prior this seems mainly to have bolstered the ‘Dark Lady’ thesis; the evidence for it was circumstantial at best, but he kept adding to and adjusting his claim for the next fifteen years until he and the musicologist David Lasocki brought out The Bassanos: Venetian Musicians in England, 1531-1665 (1995). With this Prior’s case became widely accepted, being repeated in the Dictionary of National Biography and elsewhere. A number of Italian scholars, including Giulio Ongaro, Alessio Ruffatti and Stefano Pio had in fact already challenged it on several grounds, most notably that it misrepresented the actual situation of Jews in Northern Italy in the early Sixteenth Century, that none of the documentation required of converted Jews in Venice had ever been associated with the Bassanos, and that the family could be traced back in the region to a time before the major migrations of Jews from (in particular) the Iberian peninsula from which Prior latterly claimed they came. But this has made little mainstream headway and the argument that Lanier either was, or could have been, of Jewish derivation is rarely challenged. And it has been made the basis of several highly questionable readings of her Salve Deus Rex Judaeorum, a work of pious Protestant orthodoxy only unusual in its proto-feminist perspective. It has been the basis of increasingly extreme claims that Jewish heritage was central to Lanier’s identity (her ‘Jewish’ father died when she was only seven), that she passed on Hebrew scholarship to the likes of Shakespeare and Ben Jonson, and indeed that she wrote the plays of Shakespeare. This essay is an attempt to put that genie back in the bottle
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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