178,198 research outputs found
Self-refutation’ (bèi) in Early Chinese argumentative prose: sidelights on the linguistic prehistory of incipient epistemology
No full text‘Self-Refutation’ (bèi) in Early Chinese Argumentative Prose: Sidelights on the Linguistic Prehistory of Incipient Philosophy
in: R.C. Steineck, R. Weber, R.H. Gassmann & E.L. Lange, eds., Concepts of Philosophy in Asia and the Islamic world, Leiden: Brill/Rodopi, 201
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
No full textWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
"Closing the R&D Gap, Evaluating the Sources of R&D Spending"
No full textBoth spending and tax policies have been implemented in the United States with the goal of stimulating private sector research and development (R&D). Karier questions whether current R&D policy, especially the research and experimentation tax credit, can contribute to closing the gap between nondefense expenditures on R&D in the United States and such expenditures in other countries, such as Japan and Germany. He also explores possible changes to our current R&D policy to make it more effective.
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
No full textThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Clinical and immune response to undiluted and diluted smallpox vaccine
No full textQuestion under study: To assess clinical reactions, immune responses and adverse events to undiluted, three- and sixfold diluted Lister strain vaccine stockpiled in Switzerland. Methods: A prospective, triple-blinded, randomised, parallel group clinical trial was performed. Results: From 2001 to 2007 104 persons with an indication for vaccinia vaccination were recruited. They had a median age of 3 3 years (range 18-65), 56 (53.8%) were re-vaccinees and 48 (46.2%) primary vaccinees. There was no statistically significant variation in the proportion of re-vaccinees between diluted and undiluted vaccine groups (75% vs 51%, p = 0.118). With an overall clinical take rate (major reaction) of 97.1% the majority of the vaccinia-naive participants exhibited an at least fourfold increase of neutralising antibody titres (32/38, 84.2%) post-vaccination. Interestingly this proportion was lower among re-vaccinces (29/46, 63.0%, p = 0.048). No significant difference was observed in the take rate or at least fourfold seroconversion rate between the threefold and sixfold diluted vaccine doses. Adverse events were reported by 98 (94.2%) participants, not accounting for itching at the vaccination site. Conclusion: Subjects requiring immunisation were successfully (re-) vaccinated with undiluted as well as with three- or sixfold diluted vaccinia vaccine. Our findings complement previous studies with respect to the clinical take rate and immune response. The rate of adverse events was substantial but not unexpected and no severe adverse events occurred. In conclusion, the existing smallpox vaccine stockpile might be expanded by administering three- or sixfold diluted vaccine doses combined with a careful pre-vaccination screening and extensive instructions to vaccinees
Clinical and immune response to undiluted and diluted smallpox vaccine
No full textQuestion under study: To assess clinical reactions, immune responses and adverse events to undiluted, three- and sixfold diluted Lister strain vaccine stockpiled in Switzerland. Methods: A prospective, triple-blinded, randomised, parallel group clinical trial was performed. Results: From 2001 to 2007 104 persons with an indication for vaccinia vaccination were recruited. They had a median age of 3 3 years (range 18-65), 56 (53.8%) were re-vaccinees and 48 (46.2%) primary vaccinees. There was no statistically significant variation in the proportion of re-vaccinees between diluted and undiluted vaccine groups (75% vs 51%, p = 0.118). With an overall clinical take rate (major reaction) of 97.1% the majority of the vaccinia-naive participants exhibited an at least fourfold increase of neutralising antibody titres (32/38, 84.2%) post-vaccination. Interestingly this proportion was lower among re-vaccinces (29/46, 63.0%, p = 0.048). No significant difference was observed in the take rate or at least fourfold seroconversion rate between the threefold and sixfold diluted vaccine doses. Adverse events were reported by 98 (94.2%) participants, not accounting for itching at the vaccination site. Conclusion: Subjects requiring immunisation were successfully (re-) vaccinated with undiluted as well as with three- or sixfold diluted vaccinia vaccine. Our findings complement previous studies with respect to the clinical take rate and immune response. The rate of adverse events was substantial but not unexpected and no severe adverse events occurred. In conclusion, the existing smallpox vaccine stockpile might be expanded by administering three- or sixfold diluted vaccine doses combined with a careful pre-vaccination screening and extensive instructions to vaccinees
Letter from R. R. Zellick, Assistant Trust Officer, Anglo California National Bank of San Francisco, to Joseph R. Goodman, October 2, 1942
No full textLetter from R. R. Zellick, Assistant Trust Officer at The Anglo California National Bank of San Francisco, to Joseph R. Goodman, regarding property owned by Dave Tatsuno. Zellick mentions a dispute between current tenants and Tatsuno, and that Tatsuno has asked Goodman to help locate trustworthy tenants.Personal correspondence, organizational records, government documents, publications, and other papers created or collected by Joseph R. Goodman documenting the forced removal and incarceration of Japanese Americans during World War II, as well as organized resistance to incarceration. Included in the collection are records of the Japanese Young Men's Christian Association and the Japanese American Citizens' League in San Francisco, including papers of the Japanese YMCA's executive secretary Lincoln Kanai; Sakai family papers; Goodman's correspondence to and from Japanese American incarcerees, organizations opposing forced removal and incarceration of Japanese Americans, the War Relocation Authority, and others; publications, photographs, and ephemera from the Topaz Relocation Center, where Goodman taught high school; War Relocation Authority records and publications; and newspaper clippings, pamphlets, and reports about forced removal and incarceration created by various government, religious, and civic organizations, in California and nationwide
Macrocnemis gracilis Theischinger, Gassmann & Richards, 2015, sp. nov.
No full textMacrocnemis gracilis sp. nov. Figs 1–16 Holotype. ♂ (SAMA 07-001406): Papua New Guinea, Hindenburg Range, Bilbilokabip (5.1203 o S, 141.2512 o E, 1770 m asl), 14 -II- 2013, S. J. Richards leg. Paratypes. 3 ♂ (SAMA 07-001407, RMNH, ZFMK ODO 20150001), same locality and collector, 12–17 -II- 2013, 2♀ (SAMA 07-001408, RMNH) same details as holotype, collected 12 and 22 -II- 2013, respectively. Etymology. Gracilis (= Latin for slender) owing to the very long and slender abdomen of the male. Description of the holotype male. Head. Labium with median incision U-shaped, largely yellow; mandibles basally pale green, otherwise brown to black; labrum dull pale green, basally very narrowly and in dorsal half along midline broadly black; anteclypeus black; genae, postclypeus and anterior frons up to antennal bases pale bluish green, a narrow black line separating postclypeus and frons; top of frons, pedicel, vertex and postocular lobes largely black, a spot each side of median ocellus and anterior to each lateral ocellus and a narrow occipital line pale brownish yellow; small postocular spots pale green; postgenae in preserved specimen largely dull yellow. Thorax. Pronotum medially more or less broadly black, laterally yellow; posterior lobe upright, more or less rectangular with top corners drawn out into tongue-like lobes; episternum about half black and half yellow; epimeron largely black, yellow only along ventral margin. Synthorax black with wedge-shaped antehumeral patch, parts of dorsal half of mesepimeron and more than anterior half of metanepisternum, almost all of metepimeron and metapostepimeron, two anterior spots and posteroventral corner of mesokatepisternum and only posteroventral tip of metakatepisternum pale green to dull yellow; metapostcoxae and poststernum dull yellow; coxae and trochanters largely dull yellow, femora largely dull to greyish and brownish yellow lined with blackish grey, foretibia greyish black, meso- and metatibia with inner face greyish black, otherwise pale greyish to dark yellowish brown; all spines (6 doubles and 1 single on fore- and mesotibia, 7 doubles and 1 single on metatibia) and tarsi black; claws greyish to yellowish brown with small secondary tooth. Wings. Membrane hyaline; venation blackish brown. Wing length:greatest width ratio 6.0– 6.3; wing tips very weakly crenulated from 5 cells beyond pterostigma to R 4 meeting wing margin; 16–17 / 14 postnodals; pterostigma about 1 ½ times as long as wide, parallelogram-shaped, greyish brown; overlying generally 1 cell. Other characters as given under Macrocnemis gen. nov. Abdomen. Largely black with predominantly pale brownish yellow markings including in S 1 approximately apical half and ventral margin, in S 2 much of ventral margin; in each of S 3–7 an ill-defined basal ventrolateral patch covering 1 / 6 or less and an even less well-defined ventrolateral patch covering more than subapical 1 / 6 of segment length, in S 8 much of sides, in S 9 apical half and in S 10 almost all of it. S 2 in addition with a well-defined yellowish-green dorso-median patch over approximately medial third of its length. Anal appendages pale brownish yellow with cerci boomerang-shaped with dorsal bump beyond mid-length and bifid apex shaped similar to a boxing glove and paraprocts slightly longer than cerci, from wide and deep at base tapering into slightly curved/ sinuous slender rods (Figs 8–10). Ligula. Ligula in ventral view narrow, elongate (Fig. 11). Terminal segment with apical lobes medium-sized, lanceolate (Fig. 12), slightly twisted in posterior lateral view (Fig. 14). Limbus membranosus short, covered with spine- or setae-like processes (Fig. 13). Measurements. Hw 30.0 mm; abdomen including anal appendages 46.2 mm. Variability. All paratypes agree well with the description of the holotype. The range of the species’ postnodals is 16–17 / 13–14, of hindwing length 30.0– 32.9 mm, of abdomen length (including appendages) 46.2 –49.0 mm. Female. Head. Labium dirty to bright yellow, lateral (movable) hook black, end-hook yellow; mandibles dirtyyellow, distal parts brown to black; labrum obscure brown-black to olive-green, a weak light-brown marking to either side of the medio-basal oval black depression; anteclypeus dark brown; postclypeus dirty brown-black to yellowish-green; frons covered by a yellowish-green stripe, laterally extending up to eye margins, dorsally up to antennal scapi, at that level somewhat intermingled with black; antennae medium to dark brown; vertex and occiput dark greenish-brown to black, intermingled with rusty areas, the latter colour concentrated around and between ocelli; a diffuse dark spot attached to inner side of posterior ocellus, respectively; area between ocelli and occipital ridge conspicuously deep black, either entirely so or marked by a distinct black line. Rear and underside of head yellowish-white. Thorax. Prothorax with both halves of median lobe distinctly bulgy in lateral view; posterior pronotal lobe not upright, a little more than half length of median lobe, simpler shaped than in male and smoothly rounded, with sublateral areas not protruded but slightly emarginate (almost trapezoid-shaped in dorsolateral view), lateral edges distinctly protruded but rounded. Colour of prothorax, legs and synthorax similar to male but generally paler and of less contrast. Synthorax with black markings less extensive than in male, that on upperside of synthorax restricted to cover dorsal carina. Underside of synthorax yellowish-white. Wings. 15–16 / 13 postnodals; length:greatest width ratio 6.2. Abdomen. Colour similar to male but S 8 to 9 with weaker diffuse yellow-white markings, roughly covering lateral areas of posterior halves of segments and entire ventrolateral area of S 8. S 10 dark brown, laterally with a diffuse medium brown area at either side. Cerci, valvae and styli largely deep black, but upper part of valvae, visible part of ovipositor and distal fifths of styli light brown. Rear of abdomen bright yellow, framed by black. Measurements. Hw 32.5 mm; abdomen including styli 44.5–45.5 mm. Diagnosis. The largest species of idiocnemidine Platycnemididae from New Guinea (with wings at least 30 mm, abdomen almost 50 mm); three cells between quadrilateral and subnodus and distal margin slightly but distinctly crenulated in both wings; cerci and paraprocts of male subequal in length. Habitat. The type locality, Bilbilokabip, is a small hamlet used by local landowners as a temporary shelter when hunting and gardening in the upper Kam Valley. The small clearing containing three huts is surrounded by extremely wet, moss-covered mid-montane rainforest where Macrocnemis gracilis perched on low vegetation overhanging or adjacent to small (1–2 m wide; Fig. 15) clear and heavily shaded streams. It was also encountered, but was less common, along a wider (5–10 m; Fig. 16) torrential stream that flooded regularly after heavy rain during the survey period. The streams where M. gracilis were encountered all had extensive canopy cover and dense riparian vegetation (Figs 15, 16); the species was not encountered along streams where canopy cover had been opened during establishment of gardens despite extensive searches in more disturbed habitats.Published as part of Theischinger, G., Gassmann, D. & Richards, S. J., 2015, Macrocnemis gracilis, a new genus and species of Idiocnemidinae (Zygoptera: Platycnemididae) from Papua New Guinea, pp. 429-436 in Zootaxa 3990 (3) on pages 430-435, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3990.3.7, http://zenodo.org/record/24596
Dem Text ein Freund: Erkundungen des chinesischen Altertums: Robert H. Gassmann gewidmet
No full textDieser dem 2008 emeritierten Zürcher Sinologen Robert H. Gassmann gewidmete Band enthält siebzehn Beiträge aus dem Kreis seiner Fachkolleginnen und -kollegen. Die einzelnen Studien umfassen historisch und disziplinär verschiedene Arbeitsbereiche des Faches Sinologie, von der Antike bis in die Gegenwart, von der Archäologie bis zur Kulturwissenschaft. Den Forschungsschwerpunkten Robert Gassmanns entsprechend bilden philologisch-historische Arbeiten zu chinesischen Texttraditionen einen Schwerpunkt. Daneben befassen sich mehrere Beiträge mit bestimmten Aspekten der Han-Zeit, mit den Grabfunden von Mawangdui und mit dem Zhuangzi
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
No full textWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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