1,720,957 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Retinal imaging in epidemiological studies : age-related macular degeneration and the retina as a window to the brain
Get PDFRetinal imaging in population-based studies not only enhances our understanding of retinal diseases but, due to its high resolution and velocity, also holds great potential in the study of brain diseases. This is attributed to the possibility of direct visualization of retinal vascular and nervous tissue, being the retina part of the central nervous system. The Rhineland Study, based in Bonn, Germany, provides an ideal framework for investigating retinal and brain markers, as well as their relationship and changes across the lifespan. This population-based study integrates state-of-the-art imaging of both retina and brain, with a primary objective of examining healthy aging. In this thesis, I provide an outline of my work in this direction, largely conducted in the Rhineland Study.
Initially, I focus on grading methods and prevalence of age-related macular degeneration (AMD), the most common cause of blindness, in the first 5000 participants of the Rhineland Study. AMD classifications and consequently, epidemiological data, mainly rely on older imaging methods. I provide examples of how integration of better imaging, including optical coherence tomography (OCT), enables better AMD endophenotyping, as it enables better detection of markers of high severity in intermediate AMD, such as reticular pseudodrusen (RPD). In the first 5000 individuals of the Rhineland Study, we observed a prevalence of 498 (10.5%) with early AMD, 401 (8.5%) with intermediate AMD, and 35 (0.7%) with late AMD, while reticular pseudodrusen (RPD) were graded in 93 (1.96%) of individuals. Multimodal imaging also enables better differentiation of AMD from its main differential diagnoses in a population-based setting, such as pachychoroid disease, for which we observed a prevalence of 2.9% (N=206). Furthermore, utilizing OCT paves the way for the utilization of automated segmentation methods, such as an algorithm for automated drusen detection, which can lead to better AMD phenotyping. In this respect, I also investigated the distribution and comparability of drusen volume between two different algorithms in the MACUSTAR cohort, a multicenter cohort study focusing on generating clinical endpoints in intermediate AMD and integrating deep retinal imaging phenotyping of the recruited subjects.
Furthermore, to advance our understanding of the validity of retinal markers for neurodegeneration, I investigated the association between retinal markers and plasma levels of neurofilament light chain (NfL). Plasma NfL rises in most neurological diseases and reflects neuroaxonal damage, thus being a marker of age-related brain atrophy and neurodegeneration. We observed that in the general population, aging is the main driver of an association between inner retinal atrophy and plasma NfL levels, and that the presence of neurological diseases or cardiovascular risk factors can determine their association. Hence, shared neuronal injury might drive neuronal pathology in the brain and in the retina, thereby determining their association. However, previous studies also observed that structures in the visual pathway, from the retina to the visual cortex in the occipital lobe, can undergo transneuronal neurodegeneration in the presence of visual impairment or localized visual pathway structures pathology. This could partly explain the association between visual and cognitive impairment since visual structures account for a large amount of brain activity and are in synaptic connection with temporal lobe cognitive structures. For these reasons, I later investigated the conjoint associations between visual impairment, retinal and both global and local brain atrophy, including visual pathway and hippocampal lobe (as an important cognitive structure) in the Rhineland Study. I also aimed to estimate the relative contribution of transneuronal neurodegeneration versus common neuronal injury to the previously observed association between retinal and brain atrophy. We observed that retinal atrophy can reflect loss of integrity in both visual and cognitive pathway structures, as well as global brain measures. Interestingly, we also observed that visual impairment showed similar associations. This is of particular interest as it highlights the importance of visual preservation as a preventative measure for brain health, even in a population-based study with a relatively low proportion of visually impaired individuals. I also observed that most of the effect of the association between retinal and brain atrophy can be attributed to a common neuronal injury mechanism. Overall, my research further reinforces the utilization of retinal readouts, in particular atrophy in the inner retina and in the ganglion cell layer, as universal markers of neurodegeneration.
Based on this work, I conclude that integration of forefront retinal imaging in population-based studies not only holds significant potential for advancing our understanding of retinal diseases such as AMD, but also for serving as overarching markers of brain structure and neurodegeneration
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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