199 research outputs found
Hackathons as experiential learning platforms for engineering design skills
No full textDuring hackathons, students energetically collaborate in teams, leveraging cutting-edge technologies to tackle real-world challenges in a tight timeframe. Understanding the factors behind student learning in hackathons is essential to harness their educational potential. Recent research has examined this issue, yet limited focus has been on how hackathons impact participants¿ design skills. Can hackathons be seen as experiential learning activities that enhance Engineering Design skills? This study offers a general approach to uncover evidence of engineering design processes in hackathons, built on a conceptual framework rooted in classic Engineering Design references. Applied in a nationwide hackathon with 127 students from 16 universities, data were collected through surveys from 22 participants. The findings suggest that hackathons not only enable participants to apply engineering design skills but also foster their development in an experiential setting. Additionally, the convergence of competition, time pressure, and an engaging environment creates a stimulating atmosphere that significantly drives skill development and enhances the overall educational experience. This research concludes that hackathons serve as valuable platforms for experiential learning among engineering students, particularly in nurturing their potential as designers. Consequently, formulating ways to integrate or blend regular design courses with hackathons can produce further educational advantages. © 2024 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group
Author Correction: A multi-country test of brief reappraisal interventions on emotions during the COVID-19 pandemic
No full textCorrection to: Nature Human Behaviour https://doi.org/10.1038/s41562-021-01173-x, published online 2 August 2021.
In the version of this article initially published, the following authors were omitted from the author list and the Author contributions section for “investigation” and “writing and editing”: Nandor Hajdu (Institute of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary), Jordane Boudesseul (Facultad de Psicología, Instituto de Investigación Científica, Universidad de Lima, Lima, Perú), Rafał Muda (Faculty of Economics, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, Lublin, Poland) and Sandersan Onie (Black Dog Institute, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, Australia & Emotional Health for All Foundation, Jakarta, Indonesia). In addition, Saeideh FatahModares’ name was originally misspelled as Saiedeh FatahModarres in the author list. Further, affiliations have been corrected for Maria Terskova (National Research University Higher School of Economics, Moscow, Russia), Susana Ruiz Fernandez (FOM University of Applied Sciences, Essen; Leibniz-Institut für Wissensmedien, Tübingen, and LEAD Research Network, Eberhard Karls University, Tübingen, Germany), Hendrik Godbersen (FOM University of Applied Sciences, Essen, Germany), Gulnaz Anjum (Department of Psychology, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, Canada, and Department of Economics & Social Sciences, Institute of Business Administration, Karachi, Pakistan). The changes have been made to the HTML and PDF versions of the article
Fiber optic distributed acoustic sensing for levee monitoring
No full textHydraulic Structures and Flood RiskWater ResourcesApplied Geophysics and Petrophysic
Single- and Multi-carrier Quadrature Amplitude Modulation: Principles and Applications for Personal Communications, WATM and Broadcasting: 2nd
No full textSingle- and Multi-carrier Quadrature Amplitude Modulation Principles and Applications for Personal Communications, WLANs and Broadcasting L. Hanzo Department of Electronics and Computer Science, University of Southampton, UK W. Webb Motorola, Arlington Heights, USA formerly at Multiple Access Communications Ltd, Southampton, UK T. Keller Ubinetics, Cambridge Technology Centre, Melbourn, UK formerly at Department of Electronics and Computer Science, University of Southampton, UK Motivated by the rapid evolution of wireless communication systems, this expanded second edition provides an overview of most major single- and multi-carrier Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM) techniques commencing with simple QAM schemes for the uninitiated through to complex, rapidly-evolving areas, such as arrangements for wide-band mobile channels. Targeted at the more advanced reader, the multi-carrier modulation based second half of the book presents a research-orientated outlook using a variety of novel QAM-based arrangements. * Features six new chapters dealing with the complexities of multi-carrier modulation which has found applications ranging from Wireless Local Area Networks (WLAN) to Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB) * Provides a rudimentary introduction for readers requiring a background in the field of modulation and radio wave propagation * Discusses classic QAM transmission issues relevant to Gaussian channels * Examines QAM-based transmissions over mobile radio channels * Incorporates QAM-related orthogonal techniques, considers the spectral efficiency of QAM in cellular frequency re-use structures and presents a QAM-based speech communications system design study * Introduces Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) over both Gaussian and wideband fading channels By providing an all-encompassing self-contained treatment of single- and multi- carrier QAM based communications, a wide range of readers including senior undergraduate and postgraduate students, practising engineers and researchers alike will all find the coverage of this book attractive
Creatine Supplementation And Strength Training: Alterations In The Resultant Of Dynamic Maximum Strength And Anthropometric Variables In College Students Submitted To 8 Weeks Of Strength Training (hypertrophy) [suplementação De Creatina E Treinamento De Força: Alterações Na Resultante De Força Máxima Dinâmica E Variáveis Antropométricas Em Universitá Rios Submetidos A Oito Semanas De Treinamento De Força (hipertrofia)]
No full textObjective: To verify the alterations promoted by creatine supplementation in the anthropometric variables and the resultant of dynamic maximum strength (RDMS) in college students submitted to 8 wk of strength training. Methodology: The sample consisted of 18 male college students, aged between 19 to 25 years. Height (cm), body mass (kg) and tests of maximum voluntary muscular action (1MVMA) weight in the squat were determined prior to the training. The subjects were divided in two groups: A (creatine) or B (placebo). The double-blind protocol was adopted. After 8 weeks of strength training, the tests battery from the pre-training was repeated. Results: After 8 wk of training, it was verified that both groups had statistically significant (SS) alterations in the RDMS in all the exercises (p = 0.007 / 0.008). The analysis of the percentile improvement (PI) and the RDMS delta in the squat exercises, military press and close-grip-extensions, showed that group A had positive SS alterations higher than group B (p = 0.008 / 0.038). Lean body mass only SS increased in group A (p = 0.038). However, the percentage of body fat did not show alterations in none of the groups. The relationship between the PI of the arm and forearm circumferences (C) and the PI in the RDMS of the development exercise was SS (r = 0.481 and 0.546, respectively), as well as between the PI in the thigh C and the PI of the RDMS of the squat exercise (r = 0.619). Conclusion: Regardless the substance ingested, strength training was able to increase in RDMS; however, creatine supplementation was shown to be more efficient that the placebo, showing higher percentual and delta improvement in strength.135274e279e+303-309Dietary changes, fluid replacement, food supplements and drugs: Demonstration of ergogenic action and potential health risks (2003) Rev Bras Med Esporte, 9, pp. 43-56. , Brazilian Society of Sports MedicineTarnopolsky, M.A., Gibala, M., Jeukendrup, A.E., Phillips, S.M., Nutritional needs of elite endurance athletes. Part I: Carbohydrate and fluid requirements (2005) Eur J Sports Sci, 5, pp. 3-14Williams, M.H., Kreider, R.B., Branch, J.D., (2000) Creatina, , São Paulo: Manole;Roundtable: The physiological and health effects of oral creatine supplementation (2000) Med Sci Sports Exerc, 32, pp. 706-717. , The American College of Sports MedicineMesa, J.L.M., Ruiz, J.R., Gonzales-Gross, M.M., Sainz, A.G., Castillo Garzon, M.J., Oral creatine supplementation and skeletal muscle metabolism in physical exercise (2002) Sports Med, 32, pp. 903-944Wyss, M., Kaddurah-Daouk, R., Creatine and creatinine metabolism (2000) Physiol Rev, 80, pp. 1107-1213Bemben, M.G., Lamont, H.S., Creatine supplementation and exercise performance (2005) Sports Med, 35, pp. 107-125Pereira, B., Souza Junior, T.P., Dimensões biológicas do treinamento físico (2002) São Paulo: PhortePereira, B., Souza Junior, T.P., Compreendendo a barreira do rendimento físico (2005) São Paulo: PhortePereira, B., Souza Junior, T.P., Adaptação e rendimento físico - considerações biológicas e antropológicas (2005) Rev Bras Cien Mov, 13, pp. 145-152Phillips, S.M., Short-term training: When do repeated bouts of resistance exercise become training? (2000) Can J Appl Physiol, 25, pp. 185-193Pereira, B., Souza Junior, T.P., Metabolismo celular e exercício físico. Aspectos bioquímicos e nutricionais (2004) São Paulo: PhorteSouza Junior, T.P., Dubas, J.P., Pereira, B., Oliveira, P.R., Effect of creatine supplementation in the maximum strength of the bench press exercise in college students after 8 weeks of training (2005) FIEP Bulletin, 75, pp. 562-565Souza Junior, T.P., Dubas, J.P., Pereira, B., Oliveira, P.R., The effect of the creatine supplementation in the maximum dynamic strength of the squatting exercises in college students after eight weeks of training (2005) FIEP Bulletin, 75, pp. 558-561DeLorme, T.L., Watkins, A., Techniques of progressive resistance exercise (1948) Arch Phys Med, 29, pp. 263-273Souza Junior TP. Suplementação de creatina e treinamento de força: alteração da resultante de força máxima maximorum, hipertrofia muscular e variáveis antropométricas. [Dissertação de Mestrado em Ciências do Esporte]. Campinas: Faculdade de Educação Física, Universidade Estadual de Campinas2002Volek, J.S., Duncan, N.D., Mazzetti, S.A., Staron, R.S., Putukian, M., Gomez, A.L., Performance and muscle fiber adaptations to creatine supplementation and heavy resistance training (1999) Med Sci Sports Exerc, 31, pp. 1147-1156Petroski EL. Desenvolvimento e validação de equações generalizadas para a estimativa da densidade corporal em adultos. [Tese de Doutorado em Educação Física]. Santa Maria: Centro de Educação Física e Desportos, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria1995Heyward, V.H., Stolarczyk, L.M., (1996) Applied body composition assessment, , Champaign: Human Kinetics;Brunner, E., Langer, F., Nonparametric analysis of ordered categorical data in designs with longitudinal observations and small sample sizes (2000) Biometrical J, 42 (6), pp. 663-675Viru, A., Mobilization of the possibilities of the athlete's organism: A problem (1993) J Sports Med Phys Fitness, 33, pp. 413-425Viru, A., Differences in effects of various training regimes on metabolism of skeletal muscles (1994) J Sports Med Phys Fitness, 34, pp. 217-227Volek, J.S., Kraemer, W.J., Bush, J.A., Boetes, M., Incledon, T., Clark, K.L., Creatine supplementation enhances muscular performance during high-intensity resistance exercise (1997) J Am Diet Assoc, 97, pp. 765-770Kreider, R.B., Ferreira, M., Wilson, M., Grindstaff, P., Plisk, S., Reinhardy, J., Effects of creatine supplementation on body composition strength, and sprint performance (1998) Med Sci Sports Exerc, 30, pp. 73-82Green, A.L., Simpson, E.J., Littlewood, J.J., MacDonald, I.A., Greenhaff, P.L., Carbohydrate ingestion augments creatine retention during creatine feeding in humans (1996) Acta Physiol Scand, 158, pp. 195-202Soderlund, K., Balsom, P.D., Ekblom, B.P., Creatine supplementation and high intensity exercise: Influence on performance and muscle metabolism (1994) Clin Sci, 87, pp. 120-121Balson, P.D., Ekblom, B., Soderlund, B., Sjodin, B., Hultman, E., Creatine supplementation and dynamic high-intensity intermittent exercise (1993) Scand J Med Sci Sports Exerc, 3, pp. 143-149Birch, R., Noble, D., Greenhaff, P.L., The influence of dietary creatine supplementation on performance during repeated bouts of maximal isokinetic cycling in man (1994) Eur J Appl Physiol, 69, pp. 268-270Haussinger, D., Lang, F., Cell volume in the regulation of hepatic function: A mechanism for metabolic control (1991) Biochem Biophys Acta, 1071, pp. 331-350Haussinger, D., Roth, E., Lang, F., Gerok, W., Cellular hydration state: An important determinant of protein catabolism in health and disease (1993) Lancet, 341, pp. 1330-1332Ziegenfuss, T.N., Lowery, L.M., Lemon, P.W.R., Acute fluid volume changes in men during three days of creatine supplementation (1998) JEPonline, 1, pp. 1-9. , http://css.edu/users/tboone2/asep/jan13d.htm, Available atVandenberghe, K.M., Goris, M., Van Hecke, P., Van Leemputte, M., Vangerven, L., Hespel, P., Long-term creatine intake is beneficial to muscle performance during resistance training (1997) J Appl Physiol, 83, pp. 2055-2063Bessman, S.P., Savabi, F., The role of the phosphocreatine energy shuttle in exercise and muscle hypertrophy (1990) Biochemistry of Exercise VII, pp. 167-177. , Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics;Ingwall, J.S., Weiner, C.D., Morales, M.F., Davis, E., Stockdale, F.E., Specificity of creatine in the control of muscle protein synthesis (1974) J Cell Biol, 63, pp. 145-151Becque, M.D., Lochmann, J.D., Melrose, D.R., Effects of oral creatine supplementation on muscular strength and body composition (2000) Med Sci Sports Exerc, 32, pp. 654-65
First occurrence of native cymothoids parasites on introduced rabbitfishes in the Mediterranean sea
No full textThis paper presents the first record of two native Mediterranean cymothoid species caught attached to introduced Lessepsian rabbitfishes. This is also the first record of cymothoids from the coastal waters of Libya. Anilocra physodes was collected from Siganus luridus while Nerocila bivittata was found on both Siganus rivulatus and S. luridus. Rabbitfishes in the southern central Mediterranean have acquired native Mediterranean cymothoids but do not seem to be infested along the Levantine coast. © 2009 W. Stefański Institute of Parasitology, PAS.Alas A, 2008, PARASITOL RES, V102, P645, DOI 10.1007-s00436-007-0805-3; Azzurro E, 2006, J EXP MAR BIOL ECOL, V333, P190, DOI 10.1016-j.jembe.2005.12.002; Bariche M., 2005, ZOOLOGY MIDDLE E, V34, P5; Bariche M, 2006, SYST PARASITOL, V64, P203, DOI 10.1007-s11230-006-9032-z; Bariche M, 2008, J MAR BIOL ASSOC UK, V88, P85, DOI 10.1017-S0025315408000027; Bariche M, 2004, ENVIRON BIOL FISH, V70, P81, DOI 10.1023-B:EBFI.0000022928.15148.75; Ben-Tuvia A., 1985, MEDITERRANEAN MARINE, P367; Ben-Tuvia A., 1964, Bulletin of the State of Israel Sea Fishing Research Station, V37, P3; Bowman T. E., 1983, SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBU, V382, P1; BRUSCA RC, 1981, ZOOL J LINN SOC-LOND, V73, P117, DOI 10.1111-j.1096-3642.1981.tb01592.x; Bush AO, 1997, J PARASITOL, V83, P575, DOI 10.2307-3284227; CASSIER P., 1998, PARASITISME EQUILIBR; Charfi-Cheikhrouha F, 2000, SYST PARASITOL, V46, P143, DOI 10.1023-A:1006336516776; Colautti RI, 2004, ECOL LETT, V7, P721, DOI 10.1111-j.1461-0248.2004.00616.x; DIAMANT A, 1986, EUROPEAN AQUACULTURE, V9, P71; DIAMANT A, 1989, ENV QUALITY ECOSYSTE, V4, P187; Galil BS, 2008, HYDROBIOLOGIA, V606, P105, DOI 10.1007-s10750-008-9342-z; Hamza Abdel-Kader, 2000, Polskie Archiwum Hydrobiologii, V47, P205; Hassan M, 2003, J EXP MAR BIOL ECOL, V291, P219, DOI 10.1016-S0022-0981(03)00139-4; HORTON T, 2005, CRUSTACEANA, V77, P1145; Horton T, 2000, J MAR BIOL ASSOC UK, V80, P1041, DOI 10.1017-S0025315400003106; KORNER HK, 1982, OECOLOGIA, V55, P248, DOI 10.1007-BF00384495; Ktari F., 1974, Bulletin Institut National Scientifique et Technique d'Oceanographie et de Peche de Salammbo, V3, P95; Ktari-Chakroun F, 1971, Bull Inst natn Scient Tech Oceanogr Peche Salammbo, V2, P49; Lester R. J. G., 1995, P475; Oktener Ahmet, 2004, Acta Adriatica, V45, P145; PAPACONSTANTINOU C, 1990, Scientia Marina, V54, P313; Pasternak Z, 2007, PARASITOL RES, V100, P721, DOI 10.1007-s00436-006-0330-9; Por F. D., 1978, ECOL STUD, V23, P228; RAIBAUT A, 1993, ADV PARASIT, V32, P367, DOI 10.1016-S0065-308X(08)60211-0; RAMDANE Z, 2007, B I NATL SCI TECHNIQ, V11, P29; Ramdane Z, 2007, BELG J ZOOL, V137, P67; RAMDANE Z, CYBIUM IN PRESS; Ruiz GM, 1997, AM ZOOL, V37, P621; Shakman Esmaile A., 2007, Acta Ichthyologica et Piscatoria, V37, P7; STEINITZ WALTER, 1927, PUBBL STAZ ZOOL NAPOLI, V8, P311; Streftaris N, 2006, MEDITERR MAR SCI, V7, P87; Torchin ME, 2003, NATURE, V421, P628, DOI 10.1038-nature01346; Torchin ME, 2002, PARASITOLOGY, V124, pS137, DOI 10.1017-S0031182002001506; TORTONESE E, 1970, Doriana, V4, P1; Trilles JP, 1975, B MUSEUM NATL HIST N, V290, P303; Trilles JP, 2006, ACTA PARASITOL, V51, P223, DOI 10.2478-s11686-006-0035-3; Trilles J.-P., 1994, STUDIA MARINA, V21, P1; Woodland DJ, 1990, INDOPACIFIC FISHES, V19; Zibrowius H, 1992, MESOGEE, V51, P8322
Spectroscopic study on volasertib: Highly stable complexes with albumin and encapsulation into alginate/montmorillonite bionanocomposites
No full textIn the present work, we study different physicochemical properties related to LADME processes of volasertib, a Polo-like kinase 1 inhibitor in advanced clinical trials. Firstly, the protonation equilibria, the extent of ionization at the physiological pH and pKa values of this drug are studied combining spectroscopic techniques and computational calculations. Secondly, the binding process of volasertib to the human serum albumin (HSA) protein is analyzed by fluorescence spectroscopy. We report a high binding constant to HSA (Ka = 4.10 × 106 M−1) and their pharmacokinetic implications are discussed accordingly. The negative enthalpy and entropy (ΔH0 = -54.49 kJ/mol; ΔS0 = -58.90 J K−1 mol−1) determined for the binding process suggests the implication of hydrogen bonds and van der Waals interactions in the formation of the HSA-volasertib complex. Additionally, volasertib is encapsulated in an alginate/montmorillonite bionanocomposite as a proof of concept for an oral delivery nanocarrier. The physical properties of that nanocomposite as well as volasertib delivery kinetics are analyzed. © 2024 The Author(s)This work is supported by ‘Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha’
through Projects 2022-GRIN-34143 and 2019-GRIN-27175 and by the
‘Junta de Comunidades de Castilla-La Mancha’ by the grants SBPLY/21/
180501/000050. The authors also acknowledge support by the grants
CPP2021-008597 and PID2020-117788RB-I00 funded by MCIN and
Next Generation EU through Plan de Recuperaci´on, Transformaci´on y
Resiliencia, and by grant PID2022-137889OB-I00 funded by MCIN/AEI/
10.13039/501100011033 and by “ERDF A way of making Europe”. J.P.
L. thanks the ‘Junta de Comunidades de Castilla-La Mancha’ for his
postdoctoral fellowship [2018/15132]. D.H. also thanks the ‘Universidad
de Castilla-La Mancha’ for his predoctoral fellowship [2019/
5964].Appendix A. Supplementary data Spectroscopic characterization; DFT calculations; Protein binding studies; Drug encapsulation and nanoparticle stabilityPeer reviewe
Reconstrucción de las condiciones paleoceanográficas profundas durante el Paleogéno tardío a partir de foraminíferos bentónicos en dos pozos en la cuenca Sinú-San Jacinto (Caribe colombiano).
No full textIlustraciones, mapas, gráficasspa:Se estudió la distribución de los foraminíferos bentónicos del Eoceno superior al Mioceno
Inferior de dos secuencias registradas por dos núcleos (ANH-SAN JACINTO-1 y ANH-
COSTA AZUL-1X) perforados en la parte central del del Cinturón Plegado de San Jacinto
(CPSJ), en el Caribe colombiano. El control bioestratigráfico previo con nanofósiles
calcáreos y foraminíferos planctónicos de los dos núcleos sirvió como marco temporal para
las reconstrucciones paleoambientales y paleobatimétricas a partir del análisis de los
foraminíferos bentónicos.
La sistemática fue actualizada para la cuenca tras 67 años desde el primer y único trabajos
sistemáticos para los foraminíferos bentónicos de la región. Se identificaron 146 géneros y
288 especies de foraminíferos bentónicos a lo largo de ambos núcleos y se proporcionan
imágenes al Microscopio Electrónico de Barrido para todas ellas.
En el Eoceno superior, en la biozona de nanofósiles calcáreos NP19-NP20, los
foraminíferos bentónicos, mayoritariamente calcáreos, y con una leve tendencia a
poblaciones epifaunales, habitaron el talud, en la zona batial superior. En la parte tardía del
Eoceno superior entre la zona NP19-20 y NP21, hasta el límite con el Oligoceno, dominan
los foraminíferos bentónicos aglutinados de microhábitats epifaunales, mientras las
profundidades parecen ser más someras, tal vez en la zona nerítica y en el quiebre del talud.
Entre el Oligoceno y el Mioceno Inferior registrado en el pozo ANH-SAN JACINTO 1,
desde la biozona NP21 hasta la NN2, dominan los foraminíferos bentónicos de pared
calcárea de microhábitats infaunales, las profundidades son mayores con batimetrías hasta
la zona batial media y se relaciona con diversidades altas respecto al Eoceno. En el pozo
ANH-COSTA AZUL-1X, que abarca el Oligoceno superior al Mioceno Inferior, entre las
zonas de foraminíferos planctónicos O7 a M1-M2, dominan los foraminíferos bentónicos
aglutinados, y los microhábitats ligeramente epifaunales en ambientes más someros
respecto al mismo periodo en el pozo ANH-SAN JACINTO-1.
Estos resultados coinciden con el incremento de la expansión y la subsidencia en las
cuencas del Caribe colombiano desde el Eoceno tardío. Además, una posible influencia de
la transición climática entre el Eoceno y el Oligoceno en el SW del Caribe puede estar
relacionado con el comportamiento en la distribución de las diversidadades, del tipo de
pared y de los nutrientes a través de los microhábitats.eng:The distribution of benthic foraminifera from the Upper Eocene to Lower Miocene of two
sequences recorded by two cores (ANH-SAN JACINTO-1 and ANH-COSTA AZUL-1X)
drilled in the central part of the San Jacinto Folded Belt (SJFB), in the Colombian
Caribbean was studied. Previous biostratigraphic control with calcareous nannofossils and
planktonic foraminifers from the two cores served as a time frame for paleoenvironmental
and paleobathymetric reconstructions based on the analysis of benthic foraminifers. The systematics were updated, 146 genera and 288 species of benthic foraminifera were
identified along both cores, and Scanning Electron Microscope photographs were provided
for all of them. In the upper Eocene, in the calcareous nannofossil biozone NP19-NP20, benthic
foraminifers, mostly calcareous, and with a slight tendency to epifaunal populations, inhabited the slope, in the upper bathyal zone. In the late upper Eocene between the NP19- 20 and NP21 zone, up to the Oligocene boundary, benthic foraminifers dominated by
agglutinated epifaunal microhabitats, while the depths appear to be shallower, perhaps in
the neritic zone and in the slope break. Between the Oligocene and Lower Miocene
recorded in well ANH-SAN JACINTO 1, from biozone NP21 to NN2, calcareous-walled
benthic foraminifera from infaunal microhabitats dominate, depths are deeper with
bathymetries up to the middle bathyal zone and are related to high diversities concerning
the Eocene. In the ANH-COSTA AZUL-1X well, which spans the Upper Oligocene to
Lower Miocene, between the planktonic foraminiferal zones O7 to M1-M2, agglutinated
benthic foraminifers dominate, and slightly epifaunal microhabitats in shallower
environments with respect to the same period in the ANH-SAN JACINTO-1 well. These results are consistent with increased expansion and subsidence in the Colombian
Caribbean basins since the late Eocene. It is also possible that the shift in climate from
Eocene to Oligocene in the southwest Caribbean has affected the distribution of diversity, wall type, and nutrients in different microhabitats.Resumen / Abstract / 1. Introducción / 2. Objetivos / 2.1 Objetivo general / 2.1.1 Objetivos específicos / 3. Marco geológico / 4. Foraminíferos bentónicos / 4.1 Biología de los foraminíferos bentónicos / 4.2 Ecología de los foraminíferos bentónicos / 4.3 Características morfológicas de los foraminíferos bentónicos / 4.3.1 Estructura de la pared de la concha / 4.3.2 Descripción de las cámaras / 4.3.3 Apertura umbilical, enrollamiento y disposición de las cámaras. / 5. Metodología / 5.1 Revisión litológica / 5.1.1 Muestreo de los niveles de interés / 5.1.2 Técnicas y preparación de muestras para foraminíferos / 5.1.3 Selección y clasificación de foraminíferos / 5.1.4 Análisis y clasificación de microfósiles en lupa binocular / 5.1.5 Adquisición de fotografías / 5.2 Análisis de foraminíferos bentónicos / 5.2.1 Condiciones paleoecológicas de los foraminíferos bentónicos / 5.2.2 Índice de biodiversidad de Shannon-Weaver (H´) 1949 / 5.2.3 Condiciones cualitativas de oxigenación y grupos faunales / 5.2.4 Microhabitats de foraminíferos bentónicos / 5.2.5 Provincias ecológicas paleobatimétricas / 5.2.6 Interpretación y discusión de los resultados / 5.2.7 Elaboración del manuscrito final / 6. Resultados / 6.1 Resultados (Pozo ANH-San Jacinto-1) / 6.1.1 Modelo de edad / 6.1.2 Litoestratigrafía intervalo de estudió / 6.1.3 Paleoecología / 6.1.4 Índice de biodiversidad (Shannon-Weaber (H´) 1949 / 6.1.5 Condiciones cualitativas de oxigenación y grupos faunales / 6.1.6 Microhabitats de foraminíferos bentónicos / 6.1.7 Modelo TROX / 6.1.8 Provincias ecológicas paleobatimétricas / 6.2 Resultados (Pozo ANH-Costa Azul-1) / 6.2.1 Modelo de edad / 6.2.2 Litoestratigrafía intervalo de estudió / 6.2.3 Paleoecología / 6.2.4 Índice de biodiversidad (Shannon-Weaber (H´) 1949 / 6.2.5 Condiciones cualitativas de oxigenación y grupos faunales / 6.2.6 Microhabitats de foraminíferos bentónicos / 6.2.7 Modelo TROX / 6.2.8 Provincias ecológicas paleobatimétricas / xiv7. Discusiones / 7.1 Paleoecología ( Pozo ANH-San Jacinto-1) / 7.1.1 Índice de biodiversidad y paleoproductividad en función de las condiciones cualitativas de oxigenación y los microhabitats / 7.1.2 Distribución de los microhabitats en relación a las condiciones cualitativas deoxigenación / 7.1.3 Principales cambios paleoambientales y batimétricos / 7.1.4 Implicaciones geológicas regionales y/o globales / 7.2 Paleoecología ( Pozo ANH-Costa Azul-1) / 7.2.1 Indice de biodiversidad y paleoproductividad en función de las condiciones cualitativas de oxigenación y los microhabitats / 7.2.2 Distribución de los microhabitats en relación a las condiciones cualitativas deoxigenación / 7.2.3 Principales cambios paleoambientales y batimétricos / 7.2.4 Implicaciones geológicas regionales y/o globale ¡Error! Marcador no definido / 8. ConclusioneMaestríaMagister en Ciencias de la TierraMicropaleontologíaBioestratigrafí
Education decentralization and accountability relationships in Latin America
No full textThe author analyzes decentralization reforms in the education sector in Latin America (their status, impact, and ongoing challenges) by making use of the accountability framework developed by the World Development Report 2004: Making Services Work for Poor People. She starts by identifying three main groups of models according to the subnational actors involved, the pattern adopted in the distribution of functions across subnational actors, and the accountability system central to the model. She then reviews the impact of these models according to the available empirical evidence, and explores determinants of this impact, extracting lessons useful to the design of future reforms. The author concludes that the single most important factor in ensuring the success or failure of a reform is the way the accountability relationships are set to work within each of the models and provides some lessons on how to get these relationships to work effectively. She also provides three main general lessons for selecting"successful"models: (1) avoid complicated models; (2) increase school autonomy and the scope for"client power,"maintaining a clear role for the other accountability relationships; and (3) place more emphasis on the"management"accountability relationship and the sustainability of the models.Teaching and Learning,Decentralization,Health Monitoring&Evaluation,Primary Education,Public Health Promotion,Health Monitoring&Evaluation,Primary Education,Banks&Banking Reform,Teaching and Learning,National Governance
In-silico study of the ionic current gradients determining left-to-right atrial frequencies during paroxysmal atrial fibrillation
No full textAtrial fibrillation is the most prevalent cardiac arrhythmia. Paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (pAF) may occur in episodes lasting from minutes to days. Recent studies suggest that some pAF episodes present a left-to-right dominant frequency gradient caused by ionic current gradients. However, how each ionic current gradient affects the left-to-right dominant frequency gradient during pAF has not been studied. In this work, we use a 3D model of human atria to study how the ionic current gradients affect the dominant frequency gradient during pAF induced by continuous ectopic activity. The role of the specific gradients of acetylcholine-activated potassium current (I KACh ) and inward-rectifier potassium current (I K1 ) on determining the left-to-right dominant frequency gradient was assessed. The main outcome of this study is that either or both of the I KACh or I K1 gradients are necessary to induce a left-to-right dominant frequency gradient during pAF. However, both gradients are necessary to the left atrium maintaining, by itself, the pAF episode. These findings have potentially important implications for the development of atrial-selective therapeutic approaches. © The Author(s) 2019
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