1,721,041 research outputs found
Gender and Household Seed Security in Nepal
No full textThe study of women's involvement and responsibilities within seed systems in Nepal is scarce, despite the widely held belief that women possess extensive knowledge regarding seed selection and preservation, especially concerning maize and wheat, which are vital staple grains in remote mountain communities. Women play various crucial roles in maize and wheat farming, yet major decisions regarding crops management, such as variety selection, are predominantly made by men. Given the rising trend of male out-migration and the resulting feminization of agriculture, it is imperative to examine women's access to seeds and address the gender biases and limitations faced by women farmers
Maize, Migration and Gender Dynamics in Nepal
No full textThe gender dimension of the maize-based farming system is extremely important. The phenomenon of male out-migration has greatly impacted the dynamics of agricultural labor, leading to more complex gender roles and relationships within households. It is worth noting that almost 90% of migrants are men, which means that women, the elderly, and children are left to handle agricultural and household responsibilities. The feminization of agriculture has been a subject of research for quite some time, but there is a significant lack of research studies focusing on the critical issues surrounding maize cultivation in the current scholarship of agricultural R4D in South Asia. This research aims to fill this knowledge gap by examining the gendered relationship between maize producers and labor out-migration in Nepal's three agro-ecological regions, namely the mountain, hill, and terai areas
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
TH1.1: Beyond Household Headship: Examining the Intra-household Decision-Making Process Among Wheat Growers in Bihar, India
Full text linkAgricultural decisions among smallholders are made within the households where in most cases husband and wife discuss, contest, negotiate, or consent to the decisions they make. Comparing male and female-headed households misses these important dynamics of decision-making that are happening inside the households. Likewise, comparing household heads does not consider the role of women who live in male-headed households. This study looks beyond who makes which decisions and the binaries of yes and no responses as a measure for gender dynamics. It disentangles the intra-household aspect of the decision-making process itself and helps understand the "why" behind decisions among wheat growers in two districts of Bihar- Madhepura and Darbhanga. It uses vignettes, or stories, to survey 420 women and men farmers (210 households) to identify the decision patterns across six key activities of wheat farming covering strategic, operational, and financial decisions. The vignettes describe five possible household scenarios by narrating five short stories to individual respondents and showing corresponding graphics for visual aid. Preliminary analysis indicates that patterns between households and gender are not uniform. There are divergent patterns across five vignettes amongst households for women and men's roles. Further, they are found to have different patterns of responses to the same agricultural activities, adding more complexity in the mix. Understanding these dynamics will help design more comprehensive, effective and actionable approaches to gender-intentional interventions in the wheat crop management, including breeding and inclusive seed system development, as it feeds to identify entry points for women's role in agricultural decisions
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Modified extended households: co-residence, headship and household resource management in the context of labour out-migration in rural Nepal
No full textThis chapter illustrates how the notion of co-residence, headship and resource management of a household have been modified by the phenomenon of labour out-migration in Nepal. The concept of household is largely used in the studies of home economics, resource management, livelihood and family care. In general, a household is a unit formed by family members or a combination of family and non-family members, with roots in the institution of marriage. Traditionally, the household is considered a co-residential unit, with a household head, and taking care of the day-to-day resource management and primary needs of its members. However, the notions of family-based unit, co-residence and management of resources by a functional household head are challenged by various living arrangements, livelihood opportunities and changing modes of production that are caused by the phenomenon of labour out-migration in the recent times. Based on survey, in-depth interviews and focus group discussions carried out in a village in eastern Nepal, this chapter argues that households are not restricted to the conventional boundary of living-together. Like resident members, the non-resident members also have a great influence in household resource management and can even act as a household head at a distance, thus modifying the meaning of ‘household’. We perhaps need to understand it as ‘modified-extended-household’ where a household acts as an arena of resident and non-resident members who are engaged in continuous interaction and communication for the wellbeing of its members
Examining the wheat seed delivery system in Bihar, India, using a gender lens
No full textAn effective seed system gives all farmers access to quality seed, reliable information, and up-to-date knowledge of improved varieties and seed practices. Despite significant progress in developing improved wheat varieties, many of these improved varieties have not reached the farmers, especially women, poor, and marginalized farmers. Taking the case of a district in Bihar, India, this paper finds that the existing wheat seed delivery system largely ignores the potential of women farmers to play a significant role in seed production, distribution, or adoption; and that farmer feedback mechanisms are almost non-existent, especially among women. Using a small-scale, mixed, inductive, and broad-based research design, the paper suggests measures for gender-responsive seed delivery systems: improved access to information, especially to women and marginal farmers; promoting women-led groups (like JEEViKA) for their better engagement and empowerment; educating village retailers; developing mechanisms for better collaboration with bigger private seed companies; and increased collaboration among seed stakeholders
New and improved varieties for everyone? Gendered patterns of wheat varietal turnover among social groups in the Indian state of Bihar
No full textFor smallholder farmers in the Global South, rapid varietal turnover is an important means of coping with the risks arising from the spread of pests or diseases and for increasing crop yields. Varietal turnover in wheat systems in many states of India, however, is inadequately slow. At the same time, the Indian wheat sector is characterized by deep-rooted social inequalities, pronounced by the social differentiation of wheat farmers, such as gender, caste or ethnicity, wealth, and their intersectionalities. This article asks whether these social groups are excluded from the adoption of new and improved wheat varieties. The study builds on household survey data collected from 759 wheat farmers in Bihar, one of the poorest states in India. Our findings demonstrate only small differences of varietal turnover across heterogeneous social groups of farmers. In particular, we find only small differences in varietal turnover between female-headed and male-headed households (albeit their already low levels of varietal turnover) and their intersecting social identities. However, marginalized caste farmers appear to be more disadvantaged, as they tend to cultivate older wheat varieties, which deserves closer attention from policymakers. We discuss important directions for future research on the gendered analysis of wheat-based cropping systems
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