1,720,961 research outputs found
Geographical Distribution of <i>Fusarium</i> Species Involved in Fusarium Head Blight and Fusarium Crown Rot of Wheat in Tunisia and Their Mycotoxin Accumulation
No full textFusarium crown rot (FCR) and Fusarium head blight (FHB) are among the most destructive diseases of wheat worldwide. A broad range of Fusarium species is associated with both diseases and can be isolated from stems and kernels of wheat plants. Fusarium culmorum and F. graminearum are the most frequent species involved, and both can produce the harmful mycotoxin deoxynivalenol (DON) that inhibits protein synthesis. This study aimed to assess the distribution of both Fusarium species and DON accumulation in crowns and kernels in geographic areas where wheat is cultivated in Tunisia. Sixty-four fields from four bioclimatic zones were sampled during two crop seasons (2020/2021, 2021/2022). Based on morphological traits, a subset of 250 representative Fusarium strains was identified by elongation factor 1α gene sequencing. DON contamination in wheat samples was determined by HPLC/DAD. Chemical analyses showed that DON contamination in crowns ranged from around 0.1 to 17 mg kg−1, while in kernels it was detected at a very low level (up to 2.4 mg kg−1). F. culmorum was the species frequently isolated from both crown and kernel samples. However, several Fusarium species, belonging to eight different phylogenetic species complexes, were isolated, showing a greater diversity in the crown than in the kernels. We report here for the first time the occurrence of F. anthophilum, F. nygamai, F. algeriense, F. redolens and F. brachygibbosum in Tunisian wheat. Moreover, this study provides important information on the toxicological risk related to DON contamination of wheat in Tunisia
Tunisian Eucalyptus essential oils: exploring their potential for biological applications
No full textThis study focuses on different chemo-types of Tunisian Eucalyptus essential oils (EOs) and their potential for controlling aphids, phytopathogenic fungi, weed germination and seedling growth.The EOs, obtained from Eucalyptus astringens (Maiden) Maiden and Eucalyptus lehmannii (Schauer) Benth. leaves through hydrodistillation, were analyzed using GC-MS. The chemical analysis revealed a significant presence of oxygenated monoterpenes (ranging from 41.0% to 83.0%), primarily 1,8-cineole (ranging from 30.5% to 58.5%), and oxygenated sesquiterpenes, mainly globulol (19.0%) for E. astringens. In contrast, alpha-pinene (7.0%) was the second most abundant chemical class for E. lehmannii.Statistical analysis demonstrated that both EOs were effective against aphids, fungi, and weeds based on their composition. E. lehmannii showed high efficacy against aphids, causing complete mortality in Aphis fabae Scopoli and an 87.28 +/- 0.65% mortality rate in Aphis nerii Fonscolombe at a concentration of 0.6 mg/mL. E. astringens exhibited antifungal activity with consistent inhibitory effects exceeding 50.59 +/- 0.87% against Fusarium oxysporum Schltdl., and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) de Bary displayed even higher susceptibility with an inhibition rate of 83.33 +/- 1.10%.Similarly, E. lehmannii inhibited fungal growth by nearly 50%, with Fusarium culmorum Schltdl. exhibiting a minimum inhibition rate of 45.59 +/- 0.71%. Both EOs also displayed significant herbicidal potential by impeding weed germination and seedling growth. Sinapis arvensis L. was particularly susceptible, with complete inhibition observed at a concentration of 2 mg/mL. Overall, these findings highlight the potential application of these Eucalyptus EOs for bio-control, underscoring their diverse characteristics
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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