1,720,959 research outputs found
A Novel Single-Inductor Injection-Locked Frequency Divider by Three With Dual-Injection Secondary Locking
Full text linkThe paper presents a comprehensive analysis of signal intermixing taking place across the injectors of frequency-divide-by-three circuits with divide-by-two secondary locking. The analytical results confirmed by circuit simulations provide an insightful understanding of the circuit operation, and inspire the design of a novel single-inductor injection-locked frequency divider (ILFD) by three, where injection is reinforced by a dual-injection scheme with no penalty in power dissipation. The novel circuit, when benchmarked against existing ILFD topologies, optimized in a 65-nm LP CMOS process, shows about a three-time larger locking range with respect to the single-inductor divider by three with a floating-source injector, and about a 40% improvement with respect to the single-inductor divider by three with divide-by-two locking, for the same power dissipation. The novel topology has been adopted in a 15-GHz divider by three for a 5G radio-frequency synthesizer, reaching a 23.6% locking range at 1.56-mW dc power, featuring one of the best performances among divide-by-three ILFDs and a compact size of only 0.09 mm2
A Low-Power and Wide-Locking-Range Injection-Locked Frequency Divider by Three with Dual-Injection Divide-by-Two Technique
No full textA novel low-power and wide-locking-range divide- by-three injection-locked frequency divider with single inductor is presented in this paper. The classical topology with divide- by-two locking scheme is improved via the introduction of an extra tail-injection driven by the central node of the floating- source direct injector. This new concept is applied to the design of a 15GHz divider-by-three in a standard 65-nm LP CMOS technology, which reaches, in post-layout simulations at 100°C temperature, a 23.6% locking range at an input power of 0dBm and DC power consumption of 1.56mW. The divider figure of merit together with the compact size of only 0.09mm2 are best in class for injection-locking dividers with single inductor and same input power. The figure of merit is also very close to the values reached by the best injection-locking dividers-by-three, that, however, use more inductors
A 30-GHz Digital Sub-Sampling Fractional-N PLL With -238.6-dB Jitter-Power Figure of Merit in 65-nm LP CMOS
No full textThis article describes the implementation of a 30-GHz frequency synthesizer. The target is to reduce the gap in terms of jitter-power product that exists between millimeter- wave and RF synthesizers, using a low-cost 65-nm LP CMOS technology. The circuit is a digitally intensive fractional-N phase-locked loop, which combines a sub-sampling bang-bang phase detector, a low-power divider-by-six prescaler with a novel injection scheme, and a digital technique reducing the output range of the digital-to-time-converter. The synthesizer can operate between 30.4 and 34.2 GHz with a frequency resolution of 191 Hz and with an integrated rms jitter below 180 and 197.6 fs for the integer-N and fractional-N channels, respectively. The sub-sampling loop can synthesize fast sawtooth chirps around 33.4 GHz with peak-to-peak amplitudes up to 1.14 GHz. The fractional spurs, measured at the 5-GHz prescaler output, are below −54 dBc, even considering near-integer channels. The power dissipation of 35 mW from the 1.2-V supply leads to a −238.6 dB of jitter-power figure of merit for fractional-N channels
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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