271 research outputs found
Understanding political violence: a criminological analysis
No full textUnderstanding Political Violence introduces political violence in the context of sociological and criminological debates. The author distinguishes between political violence from below, for example collective violence, insurgency, armed struggle and terrorism; and political violence from above, which includes indiscriminate repression, institutional and state violence, torture and war. Vincenzo Ruggiero discusses and critiques the contribution of criminological theory to understanding political violence. He draws on stimulating case studies to illustrate the theory, including interviews with former members of the Red Army Faction in Germany and the Brigate Rosse in Italy.The concluding chapter examines the recent development of a criminology of war and calls for a general ceasefire and the criminalisation of war, the most extreme form of institutional violence.This is essential reading for students and researchers in criminology, political studies, sociology, and war and conflict studies.
This book, published in 2006, is now available in Italian and a Spanish and a Russian edition will soon be available
Translation of the first cosmological treaty in Europe De Ornatu Mulierum by Trotula de Ruggiero from Salerno (1035-1097))
No full textCelem niniejszego artykułu jest przedstawienie, w tłumaczeniu
na język polski, traktatu Trotuli de Ruggiero
z Salerno De Ornatu Mulierum. Wzmiankowany traktat
był pierwszym podręcznikiem kosmetologii kobiecej
w Europie. Autorka dzieła należała do salernitańskiej
grupy kobiet-lekarek, zwanej „Mulieres Salernitanae”,
które nie tylko zajmowały się praktyką medyczną, ale
także pisały traktaty naukowe.The purpose of this article is to present, in Polish translation,
the treatise of Trotula de Ruggiero from Salerno
De Ornatu Mulierum. The treatise was the first textbook
of women’s cosmetology in Europe. The author of the
work belonged to a group of Salernitian women-doctors,
called „Mulieres Salernitanae”, who not only dealt
with medical practice, but also wrote scientific treatises
Ruggiero: un trovatello, ma di famiglia illustre
No full textThis paper sets out some considerations about Ariosto’s Ruggiero. In the first part, the author discusses some ambiguities that apparently interfere with Ruggiero’s effectiveness as an encomiastic figure. In particular, the focus is on Saint John’s speech in the moon episode (Orlando Furioso, XXXV) and on Ruggiero’s exemplarity. In the second part, the author compares Ruggiero’s story with the hero pattern as analysed by the psychoanalyst Otto Rank. As a result, the connections between Ruggiero and the traditional aristocratic ideology are highlighted, also through a parallel with Machiavelli’s Life of Castruccio Castracani
BRACHIOPODS AS SENSITIVE BIOMARKERS OF GLOBAL PALEOCEANOGRAPHIC EVENTS: A CASE HISTORY FROM THE JURASSIC-CRETACEOUS OF CENTRAL-SOUTHERN ITALY
No full textIt is increasingly unraveled that the paleoecology of Tethyan carbonate factories has shifted many times through Mesozoic among three different end-members, namely chlorozoan/chloralgal, foramol and microbial, following relevant paleoceanographic and paleoclimatic changes. Analysis of the main biofacies across selected key-markers coinciding with major paleoecologic shifts may thus provide evaluable clues to detect the intrinsic nature of the overall environmental conditions acting during biocalcification crises, OAEs and drowning unconformities of shallow-water factories. Of special interest is also the observation that chlorozoan-chloralgal carbonate platforms undergoing sharp environmental deteriorations did not support k-mode organisms; by contrast, the proper conditions for r-mode organisms to thrive were provided. Despite their characterizing presence across several drowning unconformities and/or crisis events of Phanerozoic carbonate platforms, brachiopods have received little attention as valuable environmental markers. This is relevant since brachiopods were a main component of r-mode assemblages which developed in Early Toarcian, latest Valanginian, late Early Aptian, earliest Cenomanian, and latest Campanian. With the exception of the latest Campanian event, all of these time intervals correspond to severe global environmental disruptions of the oceans and climate coupled to biocalcification crises. In addition, all of them correlate to major oceanic anoxic events in the Tethyan realm and/or platform drownings (Early Toarcian, Late Valanginian, late Early Aptian, Early Cenomanian and latest Campanian) (Graziano, 1999; Graziano et al., 2006; Graziano & Ruggiero Taddei, 2008). Aiming at improving understanding of the paleoceanographic turnovers during these events, we compare our own published data on Early Jurassic and Cretaceous brachiopod-rich successions of the Apennine and Apulia carbonate platforms (central-southern Italy) looking for common/contrasting paleoenvironmental features. Detailed sedimentologic, paleoecologic, biostratigraphic and taphonomic investigations have been carried out in this light. Nontheless, we compare our stratigraphic and paleoecologic data to the most recent paleoceanographic proxies (δ18O, pCO2, Mg/Ca ratios, pH, δ13C, and P content, among others; see Jones & Jenkyns, 2001; Weissert & Erba, 2004, among many others) in order to fulfill an integrated approach and to provide paleonvironmentally constrained interpretations. The remarkable association of brachiopoda with cyanobacteria, though in complex stratigraphic relationships, especially in Early Toarcian, Late Valanginian, late Early Aptian, and Early Cenomanian times accounts for drastic environmental deterioration of the surface oceanic waters which were highly unfavourable for oligotrophic, k-mode organisms. As a whole, the establishment of oligotypic benthic communities dominated by heterotroph, r-mode opportunist filter-feeding organisms (brachiopods, pelecypods, crinoids), and accompanying cyanobacteria, which replace the underlying well-diversified chlorozoan-chloralgal communities, is a common paleoecologic signature of all the investigated key-markers. More particularly, very similar sedimentary and paleoecologic features are displayed by the investigated Soaresirhynchia beds in the Lower Toarcian of the Gran Sasso Range (Abruzzo), the Peregrinella and Orbirhynchia beds in the uppermost Valanginian and uppermost Lower Aptian, respectively, of the Gargano Promontory (Apulia). This may possibly call for common paleoceanographic scenarios during distinct time intervals of the evolving hydrosphere-biosphere interactions in the Tethyan ocean. It seems that such time-independent similar shifts of main biofacies imply the development of mesotrophic-to-eutrophic, alkaline “green” waters supporting high primary productivity of the surface sea-waters. GRAZIANO R. (1999). The Early Cretaceous drowning unconformities of the Apulia carbonate platform (Gargano Promontory, southern Italy): local fingerprints of global palaeoceanographic events. Terra Nova, 11, 245-250. GRAZIANO R., BUONO G. & RUGGIERO TADDEI E. (2006). Lower Toarcian (Jurassic) brachiopod-rich carbonate facies of the Gran Sasso range (central Apennines, Italy). Boll. Soc. Paleont. It., 45, 61-74. GRAZIANO R. & RUGGIERO TADDEI E. (2008). Cretaceous brachiopod-rich facies of the carbonate platform-to-basin transitions in southern Italy: stratigraphic and paleoenvironmental significance. Boll. Soc. Geol. It., 127, 407-422. JONES C.E. & JENKYNS H.C. (2001). Seawater Strontium isotopes, Oceanic Anoxic Events, and seafloor hydrothermal activity in the Jurassic and Cretaceous. Am. J Sci., 301, 112-149. WEISSERT H. & ERBA E. (2004). Volcanism, CO2 and paleoclimate: a Late Jurassic-Early Cretaceous carbon and oxygen isotope record. Jour. Geol. Soc. London, 161, 695-702
Corrigendum to ‘‘The truth about cognitive impairment in functional motor symptoms: An experimental deception study with the Guilty Knowledge Task” [J Clin Neurosci 64 (2019) 174–179]
No full textThe authors regret to inform that the affiliation of the author Fabiana Ruggiero was incorrectly published. The correct affiliation, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, is shown above. The authors would like to apologise for any inconvenience caused
Philosophical premises
No full textTaken from Il ritorno alla ragione (1946), this late essay marks a further decisive break between de Ruggiero and Croce. Drawing on Nietzsche, de Ruggiero argues that nineteenth-century German historicism resulted in disengagement from and indeed ambivalence with respect to the present. He goes on to argue that while Croce’s more sophisticated version of historicism provided a valuable bulwark against the encroachments of ‘irrationalism’ in the Fascist period, it also encouraged the rejection of the idea of any permanent, universal values whatsoever. Against Croce’s objections, de Ruggiero argues that the best insights of historicism should be incorporated into a return to Enlightenment reason and a ‘moving synthesis’ of immanence and transcendence
Italian thought and the War
No full textWriting for a French audience in 1916, de Ruggiero here reviews the major intellectual currents that culminated in Italy’s entry to the First World War in May 1915. Though events cannot be properly understood while they are still in motion, argues de Ruggiero, the dispute over the war revealed certain profound truths implicit in these competing ideologies and schools of thought. Democratic, Catholic, socialist, nationalist and liberal arguments for and against the war gave way to a new scene, and a new set of problems, once the decision was made and war arrived. De Ruggiero goes on to discuss the political, philosophical and cultural implications of the war, again stressing—in line with his early historicism—that these would become fully apparent only with the benefit of hindsight
To be or not to be: A two years surveillance for a CA 19-9 persistent elevation before cancer diagnosis and bone metastases
No full textBackground. CA 19-9 is an antigen expressed by several epithelial cells and currently used for the diagnosis and follow-up of gastrointestinal cancers. Even if a serum level > 1000 UI/ml has a specificity for pancreatic cancer of 99.8% its elevation is also reported in benign diseases. The pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma is tipically aggressive and therefore shorter follow-up are expected to be found before diagnosis. Case presentation. A 75-years-old female referred to us for evaluation of high level of serum CA 19-9 (558 UI/ ml) observed for the first time one year before when she had also been undergone colonoscopy that have excluded neoplasms. At the adimission she complained fatigue, weight loss, hyporexia, nausea, low-grade fever and intermittent self-limiting skin lesions of the lower limbs. Serum CA 19-9 level was > 1000 UI/ml. Her past medical history was significant for chronic HCV hepatitis, essential hypertension and hysterectomy for leiomyofibroma of the uterus thirty years before. We did not found any neoplasm and scheduled a close follow-up with colonoscopy, CT and PET for one additional year. At the end of December 2015 we observed the appearance of small painful nodules in the subcutaneous periumbilical region and a CT showed a pancreatic tail malignancy and bone metastases. Periumbilical biopsy was performed and the diagnosis of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma was proven. Conclusion. A long time observation of a persistent and progressive CA 19-9 increase should never exclude the malignant origin. The trend, more than the duration of this finding may guide clinical decision
- …
