399 research outputs found
Inequivalent Leggett-Garg inequalities
No full textIt remains an open question how a realist view of the macroscopic world emerges from a quantum formalism. For testing the macrorealism in the quantum domain, an interesting approach was put forward by Leggett and Garg in 1985, by formulating a suitable inequality valid for any macrorealistic theory. Recently, by following the Wigner idea of local realist inequality, a probabilistic version of standard Leggett-Garg inequalities has also been proposed. While the Wigner form of local realist inequalities is equivalent to the two-party, two-measurements and two-outcomes CHSH inequalities, in this paper we provide a generic proof to demonstrate that the Wigner form of Leggett-Garg inequalities is not only inequivalent to the standard ones, but also stronger than the latter. This is demonstrated by quantifying the amount of disturbance caused by a priori measurement to the subsequent measurements. In this connection, the relation between LGIs and another formulation of macrorealism known as no-signaling in time is examined
Scale-up for the production of milk clotting enzyme from Aspergillus oryzae MTCC 5341
No full textThis Dissertation / Report is the outcome of investigation carried out by the creator(s) / author(s) at the department/division of Central Food Technological Research Institute (CFTRI), Mysore mentioned below in this page
How perception of status differences affects our decision making
No full textAs human beings, we aspire higher to achieve greater security in our lives. We assess our standing in society in relative terms. Past studies have shown that our subjective social status relative to society can determine health consequences (Operario et al, 2004). Yet, we have a limited understanding of how to measure our subjective status and how that affects our decision making and behavior. Understanding these may reveal important information about how perception of status differences affects behavior. Therefore, the primary goal of this dissertation is to closely examine perception of status in order to evaluate its subsequent effect on decision making. Four studies were conducted to examine the relationship between status perceptions and decision making. In the first study, we established a laboratory manipulation of status, designed and validated appropriate questionnaires, and probed its effects on decision making via an economic game called the Ultimatum Game. In study 2, we examined how perception of status affected choice of an experimental status symbol. Both of these studies showed a negative relationship with decision making. In study 1, the low status subjects, who felt inferior to their partner, shared more with their high status partners. And in study 2, we observed that in certain contexts, the low status subjects, who felt inferior to their partner, chose the experimental status symbol more. However, in study 3, when we made the experimental situation riskier, subjects who perceived themselves to be inferior to their partner chose the status symbol less than their high status counterparts. In addition, low status subjects showed more affinity for risk at specific levels. In study 4, we examined if these effects were due to self-esteem and found no effect of self-esteem. Together, these studies showed that laboratory manipulations of status can capture psychological aspects of the status experience and may induce a compensatory tendency. These compensatory tendencies may vary depending on both status of the subject and riskiness of the situation. Studying status in a laboratory setting allows researchers to understand these behaviors more closely and speculate on how to best address status concerns for the betterment of society.Ph. D.Includes bibliographical referencesIncludes vitaby Swati Bhattachary
Localized scleroderma: A rare clinical entity
No full textLocalized Scleroderma (LS), which is also referred to as morphea, is an inflammatory disease that leads to diffuse or localized fibrotic and atrophic skin hardening. It is an uncommon, autoimmune, multisystem connective tissue disease that is characterized by excessive collagen deposition, widespread microvascular abnormalities, widespread skin fibrosis, and proliferative obstructive vasculopathy, which are the hallmark pathological features. Here we present a case of localized scleroderma in a middle-aged female patient
Analyzing Advancement in Crowdfunding Research and Envisioning its Future: A Bibliometric Approach
No full textPublished online 24 July 2023. Published in print 1 August 2023.Academy of Management Annual Meeting Proceedings includes abstracts of all papers and symposia presented at the annual conference, plus 6-page abridged versions of the “Best Papers” accepted for inclusion in the program (approximately 10%). Papers published in the Proceedings are abridged because presenting papers at their full length could preclude subsequent journal publication. Please contact the author(s) directly for the full papers.Crowdfunding represents an emerging alternative means of marshaling resources which may prove to be a game-changer in the entrepreneurial finance landscape. Although the rapid growth in this field has yielded a multidisciplinary body of work, the scaffolding of this vast body of work is still largely unknown in the scholarly domain. We conduct a bibliometric analysis of 534 crowdfunding articles to uncover the intellectual landscape of crowdfunding research. Our comprehensive co-citation analysis reveals two generations of crowdfunding research, identifies the most researched themes in area, and highlights its theoretical and disciplinary anchors. In addition, our bibliographic cartography traces the shifts in areas of interest of scholars within the heterogeneous field. Overall, our critical analysis of the most influential conversations in crowdfunding research helps reveals gaps in the extant literature which act as fertile directions for its future inquiry
Newer regional analgesia interventions (fascial plane blocks) for breast surgeries: Review of literature
No full textSurgical resection of the primary tumour with axillary dissection is one of the main modalities of breast cancer treatment. Regional blocks have been considered as one of the modalities for effective perioperative pain control. With the advent of ultrasound, newer interventions such as fascial plane blocks have been reported for perioperative analgesia in breast surgeries. Our aim is to review the literature for fascial plane blocks for analgesia in breast surgeries. The research question for initiating the review was 'What are the reported newer regional anaesthesia techniques (fascial plane blocks) for female patients undergoing breast surgery and their analgesic efficacy?.' The participants, intervention, comparisons, outcomes and study design were followed. Due to the paucity of similar studies and heterogeneity, the assessment of bias, systematic review or pooled analysis/meta-analysis was not feasible. Of the 989 manuscripts, the present review included 28 manuscripts inclusive of all types of published manuscripts. 15 manuscripts directly related to the administration of fascial plane blocks for breast surgery across all type of study designs and cases were reviewed for the utility of fascial plane blocks in breast surgeries. Interfascial blocks score over regional anaesthetic techniques such as paravertebral block as they have no risk of sympathetic blockade, intrathecal or epidural spread which may lead to haemodynamic instability and prolonged hospital stay. This review observed that no block effectively covers the whole of breast and axilla, thus a combination of blocks should be used depending on the site of incision and extent of surgical resection
Biological and bio-inspired morphometry as a route to tunable and enhanced materials design
No full textThesis: Ph. D., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, 2016.This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.Cataloged from student-submitted PDF version of thesis.Includes bibliographical references.Structural materials in nature integrate classical materials selection rules with morphometry (geometry or shape-based rules) to create high-performance, multi-functional structures that exhibit tunable properties through extraordinary complexity, hierarchy, and precise structural control. This thesis explores the use of morphometry as a materials design parameter through the development of bio-inspired, flexible composite armor based on the articulated exoskeleton of an armored fish, Polypterus senegalus, which achieves uniform coverage and protection from predatory threats without restricting flexibility. First, the functional implications of shape and shape variation are examined as materials design parameters within the biological exoskeleton using a new method that integrates continuum strain analysis with landmark-based geometric morphometric analysis in 2D and 3D. Bioinspired flexible composite prototypes are fabricated using multi-material 3D printing and tested under passive loading (self-weight) and active loading (bending) to examine how the shape of scales contributes to local, interscale mobility mechanisms that generate anisotropic, global mechanical behavior. With one prototype design scheme, a wide array of mechanical behavior is generated with stiffness ranging over several orders of magnitude, including 'mechanical invisibility' of the scales, showing how morphometry can tune flexibility without varying the constituent materials. Finally, finite element models simulating the bending experiments are created to establish a computational framework for analyzing the mechanical response of the prototypes. The finite element models are then extended to examine the effect of different loading conditions, scale morphometry, multi-material architecture, and constituent material properties. The results show how morphometric-enabled materials design, inspired by structural biological materials, can allow for tunable behavior in flexible composites made of segmented scale assemblies to achieve enhanced user mobility, custom fit, and flexibility around joints for a variety of protective applications.by Swati Varshney.Ph. D
‘Diminishing Inequalities Is The Key To Robust Human Development’
No full textIn highly unequal regions, redistribution of opportunities and resources are essential for human development advances, author Swati Narayan says in this intervie
Evaluation of Production of Opioid Peptides from Wheat Proteins
No full textOpioids such as morphine and codeine are the most commonly clinically
used drugs for pain management, but have associated side-effects. Food-derived
opioid peptides can be suitable alternative due to less side-effect and are relatively
inexpensive to produce. So, wheat protein (gluten) was tested as source for
production of opioid peptides. The thesis reports results of investigations carried
out on production of opioid peptides from wheat gluten using enzymatic hydrolysis
and fermentation by selected lactic acid bacteria and characterisation of bioactivity
(opioid) of prepared peptides and gluten hydrolysates. Gluten protein sequences
were accessed using in silico approach (Biopep database and PeptideRanker) to
predict presence of opioid peptides. The search was based on presence of tyrosine
and proline. This led to selection of three peptides for which opioid activity was
measured by cAMP (cyclic adenosine monophosphate) assay. The EC50 values of
YPG, YYPG and YIPP were 1.78 mg/mL, 0.74 mg/mL and 1.42 mg/mL for μ-
opioid receptor, respectively.
Hydrolysates from gluten were produced using two different approaches,
fermentation using lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and by commercial proteases. Six
LAB (Lb. acidophilus, Lb. alimentarius, Lb. brevis, Lb. fermentum, Lb. plantarum
and Lb. hilgardii) were selected based on their proteolytic activity and fermentation
was carried out at 37°C for 24 h. After fermentation, hydrolysis was assessed by ophthalaldehyde
(OPA) assay and gel electrophoresis. Reverse phase HPLC and Size
exclusion HPLC were used for peptide profiling. Lb. acidophilus, Lb. brevis, Lb.
fermentum and Lb. plantarum showed more proteolysis. EC50 values of <3 kDa hydrolysate fractions after fermentation were 6.3, 7.2, 4.9 and 4.3 mg/mL,
respectively.
Effect of selected enzymes (pepsin, trypsin, alcalase and flavourzyme) on
production of opioid peptides was assessed through similar approach. The
hydrolysates fraction produced by flavourzyme was the best with EC50 value of
0.43 mg/mL. The number of peptides showing > 0.5 ranking were 19, 48 and 61 for
pepsin, alcalase and flavourzyme fractions, respectively. Peptides, PQQPFPL from
pepsin hydrolysate and QQPPFW and QPFPQPQPFP from flavourzyme
hydrolysate showed ranking ≥ 0.9 and should be further tested for bioactivity.
Difficulty in dispersion of gluten due to clumping was observed during
experiments involving enzymatic hydrolysis. This was investigated by
characterising gluten dispersion as a function of acidic pH (1, 2 and 3) and
hydrothermal treatment in terms of structural changes by scanning electron
microscopy, fourier transform infra-red (FTIR) spectroscopy, changes in functional
groups (free amino and thiol), and size distribution (sodium dodecyl sulphate
polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and SDS extractability). Decrease
in the extractability and free thiol and free amino group at pH-2 and 3 confirmed
gluten complex formation. Also, hydrothermal treatment at pH-1 can be used as
pre-treatment before enzymatic hydrolysis to improve peptide yield. The study
concludes that wheat gluten can be used for the production of opioid peptides
Synthesis of amide conjugated oleic acid analogues
No full textA series of amide derivatives of oleic acid epoxide were synthesized in this present work. An effective developed method was used for the conjugation of intermediate oleic acid epoxide (2) coupled with different aliphatic, heteroaromatic and heterocyclic amines in dichloromethane (DCM), dimethylaminopyridine (DMAP) and EDCI and synthesized compounds 3-8. All the compounds were purified by column chromatography, identified by TLC and characterized by 1H and 13C NMR. As FAs can cross the blood brain barrier (BBB) and active against various neurological disorders, all synthesized amide conjugated oleic acid analogues will be evaluated for Alzheimer’s/ Parkinson’s diseases on the basis of preliminary screening results
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