1,720,972 research outputs found
Rethinking the link between cognitive reflection and susceptibility to political misinformation: distinguishing hard from soft news
No full textThe literature presents two contrasting accounts on how cognitive reflection (overriding intuition with deliberation) influences susceptibility to political misinformation. According to the classical reasoning account, predominantly rooted in research of soft news, cognitive reflection improves discernment of true from false information. According to the motivated reasoning account, rooted in research on hard (policy-related) issues, individuals prone to cognitive reflection display stronger political bias and fall for politically-congruent misinformation. We integrate these accounts by examining how the soft-hard distinction interacts with individuals’ reasoning style to shape truth discernment and susceptibility to political bias. An integrative data analysis (IDA) combined data from 18 political misinformation studies (N = 41,289) with independent soft-hard news ratings. Additionally, two experiments (N = 666), in the U.S. and Greece, exposed participants to either soft or hard news. Across all datasets, participants prone to cognitive reflection displayed stronger political bias, but only when evaluating hard news. Cognitive reflection was associated with improved truth discernment for soft and hard news in the IDA, but not consistently so in the experiments. Our findings reconcile discrepancies in misinformation research and demonstrate that cognitive reflection is not a one-size-fits-all solution to political misinformation as it can exacerbate bias in policy-related issues
Intersections of intergroup communication research
No full textIn this prologue to a special issue on intergroup communication, we highlight areas of intersection across its field. To start, we provide a brief history of the field, simultaneously highlighting 6 central principles guiding the work in this area. We then review 4 key themes-areas of intersection uniting the contributions in this special issue: (a) a sustained interest in canonical intergroup theories and topics; (b) the notion that there are various conceptualizations of intergroup communication, both linguistic and nonlinguistic; (c) scholars' strong interest in intercultural communication processes; and (d) the cross-disciplinary nature of intergroup communication scholarship. Thereafter, we present a 2-path model of inter- and intragroup communication that integrates interpersonal, media, and intergroup communication and overviews other contributions to this special issue
Mind over Matter: Target states, not simulus characteristics, determine information processing in minority influence
No full textMajority and minority influence : societal meaning and cognitive elaborationN
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Online intergroup contact and intergroup attitudes: A cross sectional and a longitudinal study of Greeks and Germans interacting on Twitter and Facebook
No full textThe current study examined social networking sites, specifically Twitter and Facebook, as spaces for intergroup communication and contact between members of two national groups, Germans and Greeks, during the turbulent times of the Greek economic crisis. A cross-sectional study on Twitter and a longitudinal study on Facebook were conducted. We examined how social psychological variables (such as prior and extended contact, friendship, intergroup anxiety, national identification) and variables specific to the communication context (such as perceived quality of contact, vicarious contact quality, perceived anonymity, self-disclosure) relate to intergroup attitudes. Both social psychological and communication-relevant variables statistically significantly and independently predicted intergroup attitudes. Moreover, the longitudinal study showed that online contact improved intergroup attitudes and reduced intergroup anxiety. Findings suggest that intergroup contact via social networking sites can have positive effects on intergroup attitudes and that both social psychological and communication-related variables are important in understanding these effects
The psychology of misinformation: Acceptance and correction
No full textΗ παρούσα ανασκόπηση συζητά τα πρόσφατα δεδομένα της ψυχολογικής έρευνας σχετικά με το ζήτημα της παραπληροφόρησης. Εστιάζει στους ψυχολογικούς μηχανισμούς οι οποίοι εξηγούν το γιατί οι άνθρωποι αποδέχονται την παραπληροφόρηση και το πώς μπορεί να αντιμετωπιστεί. Σχετικά με τους παράγοντες αποδοχής, η σχετική έρευνα οργανώνεται γύρω από τρεις διαφορετικές θεωρητικές προσεγγίσεις, τη γνωσιοκεντρική (η παραπληροφόρηση ως αποτέλεσμα νωθρής ατομικής σκέψης), την κινητηριακή (η παραπληροφόρηση ως αποτέλεσμα παρακινούμενης νόησης που μεροληπτεί υπέρ των ταυτοτήτων του ατόμου), και την ιδεολογική (η παραπληροφόρηση ως κομμάτι της κοινωνικής σκέψης και ιδεολογίας). Οι στρατηγικές αντιμετώπισης κατηγοριοποιούνται ανάλογα με το εάν αυτές εφαρμόζονται πριν (προ-κατάρριψη) ή μετά (μετα-κατάρριψη) την έκθεση στην παραπληροφόρηση.This review discusses empirical evidence from recent psychological research on misinformation. It focuses on the psychological processes underlying why people accept misinformation and how it can be resisted. Regarding the factors facilitating acceptance, the relative research is organized around three general theoretical approaches, the cognitive-centered (misinformation as the result of lazy individual thinking), the motivation-centered (misinformation as the result of motivated reasoning in favor of people’s identities), and the ideology-centered (misinformation as part of social thought and ideology). The correction strategies are categorized depending on whether correction is introduced before (prebunking) or after (debunking) exposure to misinformation
Vaccination against COVID-19 during quarantine period: information sources and vaccination beliefs as predictors
Full text linkΗ παρούσα μελέτη διερευνά την πρόθεση των πολιτών να εμβολιαστούν κατά του COVID-19 σε συνθήκες εγκλεισμού, κατά τη διάρκεια του πρώτου κύματος της πανδημίας. Εστιάζει σε ορισμένους από τους παράγοντες που την προβλέπουν, αντλώντας από το πεδίο της επικοινωνίας υγείας, τις πηγές πληροφόρησης που χρησιμοποιούν και εμπιστεύονται για την ενημέρωσή τους οι συμμετέχοντες, και από το πεδίο της ψυχολογικής έρευνας, τις πεποιθήσεις των συμμετεχόντων (απέναντι στον εμβολιασμό κατά του COVID-19, τις θεωρίες συνωμοσίας, την αναμενόμενη μεταμέλεια και τις προσλαμβανόμενες κοινωνικές νόρμες). Στην παρούσα έρευνα, η οποία πραγματοποιήθηκε διαδικτυακά, συμμετείχαν 325 άτομα (Mηλικίας = 41,58 έτη). Ένα μεγάλο ποσοστό των συμμετεχόντων δήλωσε αρνητική πρόθεση ή διστακτικότητα ως προς τον εμβολιασμό (53,9%). Οι θετικές πεποιθήσεις για τα εμβόλια συσχετίστηκαν θετικά με την πρόθεση για εμβολιασμό. Με θετικό τρόπο συσχετίστηκαν, επίσης, οι πεποιθήσεις για την αναμενόμενη μεταμέλεια και τις κοινωνικές νόρμες, ενώ οι συνωμοσιολογικές και οι αρνητικές πεποιθήσεις συσχετίστηκαν με αρνητικό τρόπο. Επιβεβαιώθηκε η σύνδεση της πρόθεσης εμβολιασμού με την επιστημονική και επίσημη πληροφόρηση, καθώς η τελευταία αναγνωρίστηκε ως πηγή αυξημένης εμπιστοσύνης. Ωστόσο, τα Μέσα Κοινωνικής Δικτύωσης (ΜΚΔ) αποδείχτηκε ότι αποτελούν πηγές ενημέρωσης για τον COVID-19, περισσότερο από τα παραδοσιακά μέσα ενημέρωσης, αν και αναγνωρίστηκαν ως πηγές ενημέρωσης χαμηλής εμπιστοσύνης. Αναλύσεις ιεραρχικής παλινδρόμησης έδειξαν ότι οι πεποιθήσεις των συμμετεχόντων/-ουσών προβλέπουν πέρα και πάνω από τις πηγές πληροφόρησης την πρόθεση για εμβολιασμό. Συμπερασματικά, για την ενίσχυση της πρόθεσης εμβολιασμού χρειάζεται να δοθεί έμφαση σε εκστρατείες για τη σπουδαιότητα της έγκυρης πληροφόρησης, την αμφισβήτηση συνωμοσιολογικών θεωριών και αρνητικών πεποιθήσεων σχετικά με τον εμβολιασμό και στην ενίσχυση της εμπιστοσύνης στις επίσημες και επιστημονικές πηγές ενημέρωσης. The present study explores people’s intention to get vaccinated against COVID-19 during the quarantine of the first wave of the pandemic. It focuses on variables predicting vaccination intention, such as, use of and trust in sources of information, deriving from the field of health communication, and participants’ beliefs (about vaccination, conspiracy theories, anticipated regret, and perceived social norms), deriving from psychological research. 325 participants (Mage = 41.58 years) responded to an online survey and 53.9% of them reported that they wouldn’t get vaccinated or they would be hesitant about it. Positive beliefs towards the vaccines, anticipated regret, and perceived social norms, were positively related with vaccination intention, while conspiracy and negative beliefs towards the vaccines negatively. Vaccination intention was positively related with official and scientific sources of information about COVID-19. These latter sources of information were also trusted by the participants. Social media were more frequently used as sources of information as compared to traditional media, although they were less trusted. Hierarchical regression analyses showed that participants’ beliefs predicted vaccination intention over and above the sources of information. Conclusively, in order to increase people’s intention to get vaccinated, communication campaigns should stress the importance of valid information, the debunking of conspiracy theories and negative beliefs and the use of official and scientific sources of information
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