1,721,011 research outputs found
Data from: Temperature can reverse sexual conflict, facilitating population growth
No full textSexual conflict can lead to adaptations that increase male reproductive success at the expense of harming females (‘male harm’) and decreasing population growth. Studying the ecology of male harm is paramount to understanding how sexual conflict unfolds in nature and its consequences for population viability. We used seed beetles (Callosobruchus maculatus), a species where males harm females through harassment and traumatic insemination, to examine whether temperature (24ºC, 28ºC, 32ºC) modulates pre-copulatory harm (harassment) or pre- and post-copulatory harm (harassment and mating) in females exposed to low or high sexual conflict (one or two males, respectively), vs. once-mated females (no harm). Constant exposure to males decreased female fitness at warmer environments, particularly at 28ºC, and when females were subject to constant harassment and mating under high sexual conflict. In contrast, constant exposure to male harassment and mating increased female fitness at 24ºC, particularly under low sexual conflict (significant ~14% increase vs. control females). At the population level, under no harm female net reproductive rate was higher at 28ºC and 32ºC, but reversal of the cost/benefit balance of exposure to males resulted in optimal net reproductive rates at 24ºC under constant male-female cohabitation, hence rescuing population growth rate. Our findings show that, by dictating the outcome of female fitness under constant male exposure, temperature can modulate sexual conflict to the point of reversing it and facilitating evolutionary rescue. Our results support the notion that environmental variation decrease overall levels of sexual conflict in nature.Lund University: 101061275—Ref. 2022-1244816Peer reviewe
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Temperature can reverse sexual conflict, facilitating population growth
No full textSexual conflict frequently gives rise to adaptations that increase male reproductive success at the expense of harming females ("male harm") and decreasing population growth. Studying the ecology of male harm is paramount to understand how sexual conflict unfolds in nature, and its consequences for populations viability. Here, we used seed beetles (Callosobruchus maculatus), a species where males harm females via both harassment and traumatic male insemination, to study whether temperature (24, 28, or 32 °C) can modulate male harm. We disentangled temperature effects on male harm via pre- and postcopulatory mechanisms ("harassment and mating") vs. precopulatory mechanisms (i.e., "harassment" only; ablated males). These treatments were applied under different levels of sexual conflict, with females continuously exposed throughout their lifespan to either no males (control; "no harm"), 1 male (low sexual conflict), or 2 males (high sexual conflict). Constant exposure to males decreased female fitness at warmer environments, particularly at 28 °C and when females were subject to constant harassment and mating under high sexual conflict. In contrast, constant exposure to male harassment and mating increased female fitness at 24 °C, particularly under low sexual conflict (significant ~14% increase vs. control females). At the population level, not being exposed constantly to males resulted in higher net reproductive rates at 28 and 32 °C, whereas constant male-female cohabitation resulted in optimal net reproductive rates at 24 °C, rescuing estimated population growth rate and thus reversing the cost/benefit balance of exposure to males. Our findings show that, by dictating the outcome of female fitness under constant male exposure, temperature can modulate sexual conflict to the point of reversing it and facilitating population growth. Our results support the emerging notion that environmental variation can significantly decrease overall levels of sexual conflict in nature.R.G.-R. has been supported by a Ministerio de Educación Cultura y Deportes postdoc grant (Juan de la Cierva Formación 2018) and an MSCA Fellowship (101061275—Ref. 2022-1244816). The research described here was supported by a MCIN grant (PID2020-118027GB-I00) to P.C. (i.e. Agencia Nacional de Investigacion; MCIN/AEI/ 10.13039/501100011033), a SEJI research grant by the Generalitat Valenciana (SEJI/2018/037 to P.C.) and a 2018 Leonardo Grant for Researchers and Cultural Creators from the BBVA Foundation (to P.C.). F.G.-G. was supported by a grant from the Spanish Ministry of Science (PID2019-105547GB-I00/MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033).Peer reviewe
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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