1,720,957 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
L’approche translationnelle de la pharmacocinétique des échinocandines : l’étude du modèle porcin endotoxinique peut-il se substituer à l’étude pharmacocinétique chez le patient en choc septique ?
No full textSepsis plays a fundamental role in the alteration of the pharmacokinetics (PK) of anti-infection agents, responsible in particular for a risk of under or overdose in intensive care patients which can lead to therapeutic failure. Understanding the PK variability of anti-infectives is essential to provide an adequate initial dosing regimens. Furthermore, the development of an animal model of sepsis would improve our understanding of the PK alterations of anti-infection agents induced by septic shock.The aim of this thesis project is to evaluate the capacity of the porcine model of sepsis to predict the PK of anti-infectives in humans. Thus, the study of already known anti-infection agents would enable to confirm its transposition to humans. Echinocandins, which are the first-line treatment for fungal infections, are at the center of this project. Preliminary studies in intensive care patients were first conducted in order to improve our knowledge of their PK in particular situations, such as the use of renal replacement therapy and in the case of secondary peritonitis, where the peritoneal diffusion of echinocandins is decisive to eradicate fungal infections. Finally, the PK of micafungin was studied in a porcine septic model whose physiology is very close to that of humans, in order to compare it with that found in septic patients. These studies were performed using population-based modeling.This work has highlighted the need to increase the dosing regimens of echinocandins in intensive care patients under threat of therapeutic failure. Renal replacement therapy, on the other hand, do not alter the PK of echinocandins. Diffusion into the peritoneal cavity, a frequent infectious site of Candida species, is moderate for these echinocandins but would be sufficient to eradicate fungal infections given the CLSI breakpoints. Finally, the PK of micafungin is similar between the septic pig model and septic patients considering an allometric relationship of the body weight of these species on the central volume of distribution of micafungin. These encouraging results tend to justify the transposability of the pig model to septic patients. If this hypothesis is correct, the porcine septic model would be used to study new anti-infective agents in the preclinical phases, in order to estimate an adequate initial dosing regimens in intensive care patients.Le sepsis joue un rôle fondamental dans l’altération de la pharmacocinétique (PK) des anti-infectieux, responsable d’un risque de sous ou surdosage chez des patients de réanimation pouvant conduire à un échec thérapeutique. La compréhension de la variabilité PK des anti-infectieux est essentielle afin de proposer une posologie adéquate. De plus, développer un modèle animal de sepsis permettrait d’améliorer la compréhension des altérations PK des anti-infectieux induites par le choc septique.Ce projet de thèse a pour but d’évaluer la capacité du modèle porcin de sepsis à prédire la PK d’anti-infectieux chez l’humain. Pour ce faire, étudier des molécules déjà connues permettrait de confirmer dans un premier temps sa transposition à l’Homme. Les échinocandines, traitement de première intention en cas d’infection fongique, sont au centre de ce projet. Au préalable, des études complémentaires chez des patients de réanimation ont été menées afin d’approfondir nos connaissances sur leur PK dans des situations à risque, comme le recours à des thérapies d’épuration extra-rénale et dans le cadre d’une péritonite secondaire, où la diffusion péritonéale des échinocandines est déterminante pour éradiquer l’infection fongique. Enfin, la PK de la micafungine a été étudiée sur un modèle porcin septique, dont la physiologie est très proche de l’humain, afin de la comparer à celle retrouvée chez les patients septiques. Ces études ont été réalisées à l’aide de modélisation par approche de population.Ces travaux ont mis en exergue la nécessité d’augmenter la posologie des échinocandines chez les patients de réanimation sous peine d’échec thérapeutique. Les thérapies d’épuration extra-rénale, quant à elles, n’altèrent pas la PK des échinocandines. Leur diffusion au sein de la cavité péritonéale, site infectieux fréquent des espèces Candida, est modérée mais serait suffisante afin d’éradiquer l’infection fongique en prenant en compte les CLSI breakpoints. Enfin, la PK de la micafungine chez le modèle porcin septique est similaire à celle retrouvée chez l’humain en considérant une relation allométrique du poids de l’espèce appliquée au volume de distribution central de la micafungine. Ces résultats encourageants tendent à justifier la transposabilité du modèle porcin à l’humain. Si cette hypothèse s’avère exacte, le modèle porcin septique pourrait être utilisé pour l’étude de nouveaux anti-infectieux lors des phases précliniques, afin d’estimer une posologie adéquate chez des patients de réanimation
The translational approach of the pharmacokinetics of echinocandins : Can the study of the endotoxinic porcine model replace the pharmacokinetic study of patients in septic shock ?
No full textLe sepsis joue un rôle fondamental dans l’altération de la pharmacocinétique (PK) des anti-infectieux, responsable d’un risque de sous ou surdosage chez des patients de réanimation pouvant conduire à un échec thérapeutique. La compréhension de la variabilité PK des anti-infectieux est essentielle afin de proposer une posologie adéquate. De plus, développer un modèle animal de sepsis permettrait d’améliorer la compréhension des altérations PK des anti-infectieux induites par le choc septique.Ce projet de thèse a pour but d’évaluer la capacité du modèle porcin de sepsis à prédire la PK d’anti-infectieux chez l’humain. Pour ce faire, étudier des molécules déjà connues permettrait de confirmer dans un premier temps sa transposition à l’Homme. Les échinocandines, traitement de première intention en cas d’infection fongique, sont au centre de ce projet. Au préalable, des études complémentaires chez des patients de réanimation ont été menées afin d’approfondir nos connaissances sur leur PK dans des situations à risque, comme le recours à des thérapies d’épuration extra-rénale et dans le cadre d’une péritonite secondaire, où la diffusion péritonéale des échinocandines est déterminante pour éradiquer l’infection fongique. Enfin, la PK de la micafungine a été étudiée sur un modèle porcin septique, dont la physiologie est très proche de l’humain, afin de la comparer à celle retrouvée chez les patients septiques. Ces études ont été réalisées à l’aide de modélisation par approche de population.Ces travaux ont mis en exergue la nécessité d’augmenter la posologie des échinocandines chez les patients de réanimation sous peine d’échec thérapeutique. Les thérapies d’épuration extra-rénale, quant à elles, n’altèrent pas la PK des échinocandines. Leur diffusion au sein de la cavité péritonéale, site infectieux fréquent des espèces Candida, est modérée mais serait suffisante afin d’éradiquer l’infection fongique en prenant en compte les CLSI breakpoints. Enfin, la PK de la micafungine chez le modèle porcin septique est similaire à celle retrouvée chez l’humain en considérant une relation allométrique du poids de l’espèce appliquée au volume de distribution central de la micafungine. Ces résultats encourageants tendent à justifier la transposabilité du modèle porcin à l’humain. Si cette hypothèse s’avère exacte, le modèle porcin septique pourrait être utilisé pour l’étude de nouveaux anti-infectieux lors des phases précliniques, afin d’estimer une posologie adéquate chez des patients de réanimation.Sepsis plays a fundamental role in the alteration of the pharmacokinetics (PK) of anti-infection agents, responsible in particular for a risk of under or overdose in intensive care patients which can lead to therapeutic failure. Understanding the PK variability of anti-infectives is essential to provide an adequate initial dosing regimens. Furthermore, the development of an animal model of sepsis would improve our understanding of the PK alterations of anti-infection agents induced by septic shock.The aim of this thesis project is to evaluate the capacity of the porcine model of sepsis to predict the PK of anti-infectives in humans. Thus, the study of already known anti-infection agents would enable to confirm its transposition to humans. Echinocandins, which are the first-line treatment for fungal infections, are at the center of this project. Preliminary studies in intensive care patients were first conducted in order to improve our knowledge of their PK in particular situations, such as the use of renal replacement therapy and in the case of secondary peritonitis, where the peritoneal diffusion of echinocandins is decisive to eradicate fungal infections. Finally, the PK of micafungin was studied in a porcine septic model whose physiology is very close to that of humans, in order to compare it with that found in septic patients. These studies were performed using population-based modeling.This work has highlighted the need to increase the dosing regimens of echinocandins in intensive care patients under threat of therapeutic failure. Renal replacement therapy, on the other hand, do not alter the PK of echinocandins. Diffusion into the peritoneal cavity, a frequent infectious site of Candida species, is moderate for these echinocandins but would be sufficient to eradicate fungal infections given the CLSI breakpoints. Finally, the PK of micafungin is similar between the septic pig model and septic patients considering an allometric relationship of the body weight of these species on the central volume of distribution of micafungin. These encouraging results tend to justify the transposability of the pig model to septic patients. If this hypothesis is correct, the porcine septic model would be used to study new anti-infective agents in the preclinical phases, in order to estimate an adequate initial dosing regimens in intensive care patients
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
- …
