1,721,017 research outputs found
The influence of BF2 and F implants on the 1/f noise in SiGe HBTs with a self-aligned link base
No full textA study is made of 1/f noise in SiGe HBTs fabricated using selective growth of the Si collector and non-selective growth of the SiGe base and Si emitter cap. The transistors incorporate a self-aligned link base formed by BF2 implantation into the field oxide below the p+ polysilicon extrinsic base. The influence of this BF2 implant on the 1/f noise is compared with that of a F implant into the polysilicon emitter. Increased base current noise SIB and base current are seen in transistors annealed at 975?C, compared with transistors annealed at 950 or 900?C. At a constant collector current, both the BF2 and F implants reduce SIB, whereas at a constant base current, only the BF2 implant reduces SIB. This result indicates that the BF2 implant decreases the intensity of the base current noise source whereas the F implant decreases the base current. The proposed explanation for the increased 1/f noise is degradation of the surface oxide by viscous flow at 975?C under the influence of stress introduced during selective Si epitaxy. The influence of the BF2 implant on the noise is explained by the relief of the stress and hence the prevention of viscous oxide flow
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
On the physical nature of the base current 1/f noise typical for SiGe HBTs and Si BJTs made by SEG/NSEG epitaxy
No full textIt is shown that the high base current and associated low-frequency noise typical for the SiGe HBTs prepared by the selective epitaxial growth of the collector and non-selective epitaxial growth of the base and emitter (SEG/NSEG technology), can be explained by the mechanical stress between the collector and the field oxide surrounding the collector in these devices. The reason is that such stress provokes the viscous flow of the surface oxide producing an ‘action-at-distance’ effect which results in the creation of additional fast and slow surface centers at the poly/single crystal emitter and passivating oxide interfaces respectively. The increase of fast center density increases the recombination base current component while the increase of the slow centers density increases the intensity of the 1/f noise source. As a result, any factor that promotes the reduction of the stress or the decrease of the intensity of the surface oxide viscous flow serves to decrease the base current and its 1/f noise. Thus we have found that we can mitigate the undesirable effects by the following solutions: increasing the temperature of the selective epitaxial growth of the collector TSEG, decreasing the temperature of the rapid thermal activation TRTA, implantation of the BF2 implant into the field oxide before the collector and base layers are being grown, replacement of the bulk substrate by SOI. It is shown that the maximal decrease of the base current IB and of the spectral density of the 1/f noise SIB are as high as factors of 30 and 8,000, respectively
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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