18,834 research outputs found
Q&A with Ping Gao
No full textPing Gao, guest editor of the cancer metabolism special issue, spoke with Cell Reports about his scientific interests and his lab’s focus on investigating the metabolic reprogramming in cancer cells and immune cells in the tumor microenvironment. Ping also discussed recent developments and future directions in the field
Heavy Metals in Sediment of Gao-ping Submarine Canyon
No full textThis research investigated the accumulation of metals (Cu, Zn, Cr, Pb, Cd and Fe) in sediment of Gao-ping River and Gao-ping submarine canyon. Both Sediment Quality Guidelines (SQGs) by National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) and Soil Quality Guidelines by Taiwan Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) were used to assess the extent of risk of these metals to the local ecological system.
The results found no significant correlation between concentration of metals and volatile solid as well as particle size. It is noted that significant contaminations in zinc and lead were observed in sediments from both Gao-ping River and the starting point of Gao-ping submarine canyon, which concentrations exceeded the guidelines of Effect Range-Medium (ERM) by NOAA. Very likely, this is resulted from the metal and electroplating factories in the catchment area of Gao-ping River. It also provides evidence of the role of Gao-ping submarine canyon in accumulation of terrestrial and anthropogenic pollutants
Distribution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Gao-ping coastal water column
No full textWater, suspended particle and sediment samples from Gao-ping coastal water column were collected and measured to determine the spatial and temporal distributions of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) during August 2010 and June 2011. In addition, principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical the cluster analysis (HCA) were performed with chemical fingerprinting to understand the possible sources of PAHs in Gao-ping coast. The correlations between PAHs and several factors such as salinity, temperature and organic carbon were also discussed in the present study.
The total PAH concentrations (dissolved and particulate phase) at four sampling campaigns ranged from 2.09 to 45 ng/L. Concentrations of dissolved PAHs ranged from 2.0 to 39 ng/L and the highest average concentrations were found in November 2010 (10.0 \uc2\ub1 9.90 ng/L). The particulate PAHs ranged from 0.13 to 40 ng/L and the maximum concentration was found in the estuary in August 2010. The total PAH concentrations of sediment ranged from 125-648 ng/g, which were lower than the Effect Range Low (ERL) and Threshold Effect Level (TEL) values, suggesting that few adverse ecological effects would arise from the PAHs in Gao-ping canyon.
Results from chemical fingerprinting, PCA and HCA indicate that PAHs in this area were from complex sources such as combustion, petroleum, diagenesis or biogenic sources. Sources of PAHs in dissolved phase were mainly from petrogenic and mixed sources, while particulate PAHs were mainly from a mixed source. However, sources of PAHs in November 2010 and February 2011 were mostly from mixed combustion, suggesting that the PAH concentrations in particulate phase might be affected by atmospheric transport. The results showed that perylene in Gao-ping coast and canyon was mainly from the biogenic source. A significant correlaction was found in PAH fingerprinting between the esturine particles and sediment, indicating that the sediments in Gao-ping canyon might mainly come from Gao-ping River.
Correlation analysis showed a significant positive correlation between concentrations of suspended particle and PAHs, while a negative correlation was found between PAH concentrations and temperature. In addition, organic carbon showed a significant correlation with PAHs in sediment samples. The partition coefficients (Koc) values of PAHs were higher than the values from other literatures, suggesting that it might be attributed to soot carbon
Air-Water Exchange of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Gao-Ping Coastal Areas,Taiwan
No full textPolycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs) are one of major classes of organic pollutants that transport through air-sea exchange in the environment. The objectives of this study were to quantify the PAHs concentrations in air and seawater and calcu-late the exchange fluxes by using Whitman\ue2s two-film mode. Spatial and temporal distributions were also determined through the sampling strategy of this study. In ad-dition, particulate concentrations in the ambient air were used to estimate the dry de-position fluxes of PAHs.
Seasonal fluxes of PAHs in Gao-Ping coastal areas ranged from -2020 to +320 ng/m2day. The net gas exchange fluxes were negative (net absorption) in August, No-vember and March but positive (net volatilization) in May at Kaohsiung Harbor (KH), Off Shore (OFS) and Gao-ping River Estuary (GRE). Howerer negative exchange fluxes were found in each sampling month at Liu-Chiu Isle (LCI). In contrast, Lanyu Isle (LI) showed a different tend in exchange fluxes. It\ue2s exchange fluxes were all positive in each sampling month and ranged from the +121 to +1020 ng/m2day. Mostly the net fluxes of low molecular weight PAHs were volatile; while high molecular weight PAHs were absorptive. The compound with highest flux was mostly phenanthrene, therefore, it dominates the gas exchange fluxes in Gao-Ping coastal areas.
The highest average net gas exchange fluxes among stations were observed at LCI (-1650 ng/m2day) and decreased in the following order: GRE (-932 ng/m2day), KH (-824 ng/m2day), OFS (-523 ng/m2day), LI (+358 ng/m2day). Dry particle deposi-tion fluxes were higher in November and March. The high molecular weight PAHs were found predominant in these particles. Even adding up with the wet deposition, the magnitude of total deposition fluxes(dry+wet) were still lower than those of gas exchange. Therefor, gas exchange is the main transport pathway for PAHs in Gao-Ping coastal areas.
By identifying composition patterns of PAHs in each sample, source of PAHs in dissolved phase were mainly from traffic emission. However, KH is indicative of in-dustrial and petrogenic souces; while grass and wood combustion and petrogenic might be the dominant source of PAHs at LI. In gas phase, sources of PAHs were mostly from combustion, including traffic emission and diesel combustion. Finally, the transport pathway of the airflow was analyzed through back trajectory analysis. The results show that the PAH concentrations in gas phase might be affected by re-gional pollution in August and May, and long-rang atmospheric transport in March at Gao-Ping coastal areas and LI. Local origin was suggested for PAHs from Gao-Ping coastal areas in November and March
The politics of fashion: perceptions of power in female clothing and ornamentation as reflected in the sixteenth-century Chinese novel Jin Ping Mei
No full textThis thesis examines issues of female power and influence in sixteenth-century China focusing on how women and their roles were perceived in the changing social environment of the mid-late Ming dynasty. Using aspects of a New Historicist approach, information from contemporary literary and historical sources are analysed alongside each other. With its emphasis on the lives of women and preoccupation with the description of material objects, the late Ming novel Jin Ping Mei forms an important element in the thesis. China in the sixteenth century saw expanding urbanisation, the emergence of a new wealthy merchant class, increasing visibility of women and a questioning of traditional morality. Fashion consciousness, as one of the most conspicuous aspects of the new material culture, is a possible indicator of these trends. Traditional Western theories contend that fashion began in the particular context of Renaissance Europe. However, this study argues that a similar fashion awareness existed in China too, and was manifested in a competitive striving for social status, in this case specifically among women. In contrast to previous studies which downplayed the impact women had on defining traditional Chinese culture, this thesis demonstrates how women and their sartorial choices began to redefine the boundaries of material culture, influencing literati discourse which, in turn, re- influenced female behaviour
Rates of Return to University Education: The Regression Discontinuity Design
No full textEstimating the rate of return to a university degree has always been difficult due to the problem of omitted variable biases. Benefiting from a special feature of the University Admission system in China, which has clear cutoffs for university entry, combined with a unique data set with information on individual National College Entrance Examination (NCEE) scores, we estimate the Local Average Treatment Effects (LATE) of university education based on a Regression Discontinuity design. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to use RD design to estimate the causal effect of a university education on earnings. Our results show that the rates of return to 4-year university education relative to 3-year college education are 40 and 60 per cent for the compliers in the male and female samples, respectively, which are much larger than the simple OLS estimations revealed in previous literature. Since in our sample a large proportion of individuals are compliers (45 per cent for males and 48 per cent for females), the LATEs estimated in this paper have a relatively general implication. In addition, we find that the LATEs are likely to be larger than ATEs, suggesting that the inference drawn from average treatment effects might understate the true effects of the university expansion program introduced in China in 1999 and thereafter.rate of return to education, regression discontinuity design, China
Heavy Metals in Sediment Cores of Gao-ping Canyon Nearby Areas
No full textThe main purpose of this research was to analyze the distribution and accumulation of metals in sediment cores of Gao-ping Canyon nearby areas. Enrichment factor (EF) and Sediment Quality Guidelines (SQGs) were also used to assess the pollution history, sources and extent of heavy metal pollution.
The results revealed that copper and cadmium metal concentrations have not been contaminated significantly; while zinc and lead concentrations reached moderate degree of pollution, which exceeded guidelines of Low-SLG in Ontario and ERL in NOAA. The concentration of lead was higher than most found in Taiwan. Although chromium was found mild polluted, but attention should still be paid as those concentrations exceeded the values of Low-SLG\ue3Severe-SLG and ERL.
Comparing results from cores in Southern and Northern shelves of Gao-ping Canyon, the trend of heavy metal concentrations in Northern shelf rose gradually but had an apparent downward trend in surface mixed layer; while distinct variation with time was observed in Southern shelf
Rates of Return to University Education: the Regression Discontinuity Design
No full textEstimating the rate of return to a university degree has always been difficult due to the problem of omitted variable biases. Benefiting from a special feature of the University Admission system in China, which has clear cutoffs for university entry, combined with a unique data set with information on individual National College Entrance Examination (NCEE) scores, we estimate the Local Average Treatment Effects (LATE) of university education based on a Regression Discontinuity design. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to use RD design to estimate the causal effect of a university education on earnings. Our results show that the rates of return to 4-year university education relative to 3-year college education are 40 and 60 per cent for the compliers in the male and female samples, respectively, which are much larger than the simple OLS estimations revealed in previous literature. Since in our sample a large proportion of individuals are compliers (45 per cent for males and 48 per cent for females), the LATEs estimated in this paper have a relatively general implication. In addition, we find that the LATEs are likely to be larger than ATEs, suggesting that the inference drawn from average treatment effects might understate the true effects of the university expansion program introduced in China in 1999 and thereafter.Rate of return to education, Regression Discontinuity Design, China
Impatiophila yapingi Gao 2011, comb. nov.
No full text2) Impatiophila yapingi (Gao, 2011), comb. nov. (Figs. 3 A, J, 12; Pl. 1 A; Pl. 6 A) Hirtodrosophila yapingi Gao, 2011: 74. Diagnosis. Abdominal tergites III −V each with broad, black caudal band protruded medially (Pl. 1 A). Setae of middle row on 2 nd costal section all heavy, peg-like setae, present beyond tip of R 2 + 3 [“ Fig. 17 ” of Gao (2011)]. Hindleg tibia with 1 black, apically blunt, stout spine at outer apex on underside (Fig. 3 J). Supplementary and revised description (♂, ♀). Head [“ Fig. 5 ” of Gao (2011)]: Arista with 2−3 dorsal and 1 ventral branches. Cibarium with 2−3 medial and 5−6 posterior sensilla per side (Fig. 3 A). Thorax: Mid katepisternal seta longer than anterior katepisternal seta. Abdomen (Pl. 1 A): Male sternite VI somewhat quadrate, slightly wider than long, nearly straight or slightly concave on posterior margin (Fig. 12 B). Male terminalia: Epandrium pubescent patchily less than half but not on mid-dorsal portion [“ Fig. 18 ” of Gao (2011)]. Tenth sternite medially slightly projected [“ Fig. 11 ” of Gao (2011)]. Paramere longer than twice of width in lateral view [“ Fig. 10 ” of Gao (2011)]. Female terminalia: Oviscapt valve gently curved on dorsosubapical margin and less expanded dorsomedially in lateral view, with 4 dorsal, 11−12 lateral ovisensilla and 9−10 nearly constant in size on distally concave, ventral margin [“ Figs. 21, 22 ” of Gao (2011)]. Specimens examined. CHINA: 1 ♂ (KIZ: #01678), Bamboo Temple, Kunming, Yunnan, 28.vii. 2011, ex Impatiens tayemonii Hayata, J.J. Gao; 4 ♂, 5 ♀ (KIZ: #00115, #00116, #00118– 24), same except for 25.viii. 2011; 1 ♂, 1 ♀ (KIZ: #03752, #03753), same except for 21.viii. 2014, M.J. Toda; 1 ♀, same except for 28.ii. 1987, W.X. Zhang (SEHU). Distribution. China (Yunnan).Published as part of Fu, Zhao, Toda, Masanori J., Li, Nan-Nan, Zhang, Ya-Ping & Gao, Jian-Jun, 2016, A new genus of anthophilous drosophilids, Impatiophila (Diptera, Drosophilidae): morphology, DNA barcoding and molecular phylogeny, with descriptions of thirty-nine new species, pp. 1-100 in Zootaxa 4120 (1) on page 28, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4120.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/26683
Two new species of the genus Veigaia from China (Acari: Mesostigmata: Veigaiaidae)
No full textChen, Wan-Peng, Gao, Ping (2015): Two new species of the genus Veigaia from China (Acari: Mesostigmata: Veigaiaidae). Zoological Systematics 40 (2): 191-196, DOI: 10.11865/zs.20150204, URL: http://zoobank.org/dae59c6a-84db-44d4-a7ea-e49a198dc9e
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