1,720,991 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
A study on Design-Around and its Engineering Application
No full text對於以製造生產為主的台灣廠商而言，其本身所扮演的角色大多以技術跟隨者為主。由於技術跟隨者受限於國外大廠所發展的技術與制訂的產品規格，常常被要求給付相當的權利金，或者面臨專利侵權訴訟。因此尋求專利迴避設計之幫助，將付與相當的工程實務意義。
本文主要的研究目的在於發展一專利迴避設計方法，期待能夠輔助產品研發時，避免落入專利保護之申請權利範圍內，降低其侵權可能性。本文發展之專利迴避設計方法係以專利保護之申請權利範圍為基礎，藉由問題公式化發展系統化流程，並以強大的創新工具-TRIZ的輔助，產生創新概念。接著，將所有產生的創新概念，進行其侵權比對，逐一的根據侵權可能性的高低，一一列出所有解決方案。利用以上發展之模式，不同企業或個人將可選用單一解決方案或合併多個解決方案的方式，以求得適合的最終迴避設計方案。The most of enterprises focusing on manufacturing in Taiwan play the role of technology follower.The technology followers are often demanded to pay reasonable royalty or encounter patent litigation, resulting from the limit of technologies and product standards developed by the foreign enterprises. Therefore, patent design around is needed and it is provided with significance of applied engineering.
This study proposes a patent design around method that can assist in product designing to lower the possibility of patent infringements. This method is combined claim, problem formulation, and TRIZ. Wherein, the claim is for being a basis, the problem formulation is for developing procedure, and the TRIZ is for generating innovative concepts. All generated innovative concepts use the rules of patent infringement judgment to judging the possibility of patent infringements, and then list all concepts in order by the possibility of patent infringements. The different enterprises or personal can estimate single concept or many concepts as a scheme of design around.中文摘要...............................................Ⅰ
英文摘要...............................................Ⅱ
目錄...................................................Ⅲ
圖例目錄...............................................Ⅵ
表格目錄...............................................Ⅷ
第一章 前言.............................................1
1.1 研究背景與動機......................................1
1.2 研究目的............................................1
1.3 本文架構............................................2
第二章創新方法介紹與相關文獻回顧........................3
2.1 問題公式化...........................................3
2.2 TRIZ理論及衍生應用..................................8
2.2.1 TRIZ理論........................................8
2.2.2 技術矛盾.......................................12
2.2.3 TRIZ衍生應用...................................13
2.2.3.1單一特性法則方法............................13
2.2.3.2 兩參數間的應用.............................14
2.3 專利保護之申請權利範圍解說..........................18
2.4 專利侵權判斷的三原則...............................18
2.5 專利迴避設計方法...................................19
2.6小結................................................23
第三章 創新迴避設計方法................................26
3.1 研究基本假設.......................................26
3.2 研究內容...........................................27
3.2.1 申請權利範圍之特性...............................27
3.2.2 問題公式化之步驟與特性...........................27
3.3 研究流程...........................................28
3.4 研究步驟...........................................29
3.5 小結...............................................32
第四章 實例研究........................................34
4.1 研究案例一（物品專利，具有多個獨立項）.............34
4.2 研究案例二（方法專利，具有多個獨立項）.............50
4.3 研究案例三（業界合作案例）.........................67
第五章 結果與建議......................................84
5.1結論................................................84
5.2建議與未來展望......................................85
參考文獻...............................................87
附錄A 39工程參數及其意義...............................89
附錄B 40解決法則及其解釋...............................92
附錄C矛盾矩陣表........................................98
附錄D改善工程特性的創新法則表..........................104附錄E避免工程特性惡化的創新法則表......................106
附錄F單一工程特性對應的創新法則表......................10
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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