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Дипломат и полководец Чжансунь Чэн (长孙晟) на службе суйского Китая (551–609)
Get PDFThe article is devoted to the biography and activities of the outstanding Sui diplomat and commander Zhangsun Cheng, who played a key role in the relations between the Eastern Turkic Khaganate and the Sui Empire. After the unification of China under the rule of the Sui dynasty, the new Qaghan of the Turks (Shetu) began an active military campaign against China (582), for which the Sui Empire was not ready. In order to build further relations with the Eastern Turks, Emperor Yang Jian attracted the most experienced diplomats from his entourage, who knew the strengths and weaknesses of the Eastern Turks. One of them turned out to be Zhangsun Cheng, who had previously been on diplomatic missions with the nomads many times. The Chinese diplomat, using his connections and acquaintances in the Khaganate, entered into secret negotiations with the closest circle and relatives of Qaghan Shetu, as a result of which many of them went over to the side of Sui China (Abo and Chulokhou). As a result of his activities, Zhangsun Cheng contributed to the split of the Eastern Turkic Khaganate into two camps – western and eastern, its weakening and the conclusion of a vassal agreement between the Turks and Sui China in 584. Zhangsun Cheng was entrusted with the next task in 593, when information appeared at the court of the Sui emperor about the impending rebellion against the empire with the participation of the new ruler of the Turks – Dulan Qaghan and his wife Princess Da-yi. Cheng went on a mission to the Turks, as a result of which he brought discord into the personal relations of the Qaghan and his wife. He caught Princess Da-yi in treason with the high-ranking Sogdian An Suijia, and later planned her murder, since she posed a threat to the empire due to her desire to unite the efforts of the Western and Eastern Turkic Khaganates against the Sui Empire. Later, Cheng initiated the creation of an alternative political center on the territory of the Khaganate under the leadership of Qimin Qaghan, as a result of which the Sui Empire secured its northern borders for many years (until 609) and received a controlled neighbor in the person of the northern nomads.Статья посвящена биографии и деятельности выдающего суйского дипломата и полководца Чжансунь Чэна, сыгравшего ключевую роль в отношениях Восточнотюркского каганата и империи Суй. После объединения Китая под властью династии Суй новый каган тюрков Шэту начал военную кампанию против Китая, к которой империя оказалась не готова. С целью выстраивания дальнейших отношений с восточными тюрками император Ян Цзянь привлек наиболее опытных дипломатов из своего окружения, знающих сильные и слабые места восточных тюрков. Одним из них оказался Чжансунь Чэн, прежде много раз бывавший с дипломатическими миссиями у кочевников. Китайский дипломат, используя свои связи и знакомства в каганате, вступил в тайные переговоры с ближайшим окружением и родственниками кагана Шэту, в результате чего многие из них перешли на сторону суйского Китая (Або и Чулохоу). Чжансунь Чэн способствовал расколу Тюркского каганата на два лагеря – западный и восточный, ослаблению его и заключению вассального договора между восточными тюрками и суйским Китаем. Очередное задание Чжансунь Чэну поручили в 593 г., когда при дворе суйского императора появились сведения о готовящемся мятеже против империи при участии нового правителя тюрков – Дулань кагана и его супруги принцессы Да-и. Чэн отправился с миссией к тюркам, в результате которой внес раздор в личные отношения кагана и супруги. Он уличил принцессу Да-и в измене с высокопоставленным согдийцем Ань Суйцзя, а позже спланировал ее убийство, так как она представляла угрозу империи из-за стремления объединить усилия Западного и Восточнотюркского каганата против империи Суй. Позже Чэн выступил инициатором создания альтернативного политического центра на территории каганата под руководством Циминь кагана, в результате чего империя Суй на многие годы обезопасила свои северные границы (до 609 г.) и получила подконтрольного соседа в лице северных кочевников
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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