1,354,411 research outputs found
The interrelations of action perception and action production across the life span
No full textThe ability to understand others’ actions is a cornerstone of human culture. From early on in life, we are able to perceive other people’s actions as being directed toward goals rather than simply a combination of random movements. Based on this understanding, we predict goals of actions – both while producing them ourselves as well as when observing others performing an action. This active prediction of action goals allows us to prepare and adjust our answer to other people’s behaviour and implicit and explicit goals, and fosters the correct interpretation of intentions.
According to previous work, the perception of our own and other people’s actions (action perception) is based on overlapping processing structures for perceptual and motor information. Therefore, in young healthy adults, action perception is largely informed by a person’s ability to produce these actions (action production) and vice versa. One important question within the field of social-cognitive development is how the interrelation between action perception and production changes across development. As of yet, it is still unclear whether action perception and production follow similar developmental trajectories or whether their interrelation differs across development. Therefore, this project aimed at describing the developmental trajectory of the interrelation of action perception and production across the adult life span. Furthermore, to obtain a comprehensive picture about age-related changes and their interrelations with a variety of other skills, we investigated additional factors - such as the participants’ motor abilities, their cognitive skills or oculomotor control abilities - which might contribute to and change the dynamics of action perception and production across the life span.
The research aim of the current project was addressed by means of a short-term longitudinal study including three equally-spaced (every 6 months) measurement points (MPs). At each MP, participants’ action perception, their action production, their oculomotor skills as well as their fine- motor and cognitive skills were measured with different tasks.
Action perception was measured through action prediction (predictive gaze shifts) using an eye-tracking system. We additionally introduced a new dependent measure of action perception and analysed participants’ gaze data with recurrence quantification analysis. This measure allows detecting recurrent patterns in participants’ gaze behaviour and to characterise their action perception in terms of its relative stability or instability over time. Action production was measured through the accuracy of imitation (e.g., Gampe Task, Flanagan Task) or the speed of action initiation and execution (reaction times; e.g., Brass Task).
Initially N = 181 adults across a large age range (20 - 80 years) were recruited, N = 155 adults provided data for all three MPs. In addition, we recruited N = 74 children between the age of 3 and 16 to further enlarge the age span investigated.
For a detailed descpription of tasks and measures see the following publications or contact the author of the project:
Wermelinger, S., Gampe, A., & Daum, M. M. (2017). Higher levels of motor competence are associated with reduced interference in action perception across the lifespan. Psychological Research, 1-13. doi:10.1007/s00426-017-0941-z
Wermelinger, S., Gampe, A., Behr, J., & Daum, M. M. (2018). Interference of action perception on action production increases across the adult life span. Experimental Brain Research, 236(2),577-586. doi: 10.1007/s00221-017-5157-3
Wermelinger, S., Gampe, A., & Daum, M. M. (2018). The dynamics of the interrelation of perception and action across the life span. Psychological Research, 1-16. doi: 10.1007/s00426-018-1058-
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
No full textThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
No full text“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
No full textWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Adult mammalian neurogenesis : functional role of purinergic signalling and the growht factor EGF / Karen Kristine Gampe
No full textIn the adult mammalian central nervous system, two defined neurogenic regions retain the capacity to generate new neurons throughout adulthood, namely the subependymal zone (SEZ) at the lateral ventricles and the subgranular layer of the hippocampus (SGL). Adult neurogenesis consists of a whole set of events including proliferation, fate specification, migration, survival and finally synaptic integration of newly born neurons. Each of these events is controlled by the interplay of numerous factors. In this study two signalling systems were analysed with regard to their functional role in adult neurogenesis in vivo, namely the purinergic system and the growth factor EGF. Neither short- nor long-term application of the P2Y receptor agonists UTP and ADPβS and the P2Y receptor antagonist suramin into the lateral ventricle of adult mice altered cell responses as compared to vehicle controls in vivo. In contrast, analysis of the expansion rates of cultured neural stem cells (NSCs) from knockout mice revealed a strong increase in the number of NSCs from NTPDase2-/- mice, whereas cell numbers of NSCs from P2Y1-/- and P2Y2-/- mice were significantly reduced in comparison to wildtype levels. Notably, in vivo proliferation rates were potently elevated in the SGL and the SEZ of NTPDase2-deficient mice. However, in vivo proliferation in both neurogenic niches of the single receptor knockout mice P2Y1-/- and P2Y2-/- and P2Y1-/- P2Y2-/-double-knockout mice did not differ significantly from the wildtype. In mice lacking the P2Y2 receptor the survival of newly born neurons in the hippocampal granule cell layer was significantly increased. These data provide the first line of evidence that purinergic signalling is involved in the control of neural stem cells behaviour not only in vitro but also in vivo. In order to further characterise the role of epidermal growth factor (EGF) in adult neurogenesis, transit amplifying precursors (TAPs) and type B astrocytes were identified as EGF-responsive cell populations following ventricular EGF injection, whereas ependymal cells, neuroblasts and NG2-positive cells did not or only to a minor extent respond to EGF injection. These EGF-responsive cell populations were found on both, the septal as well as striatal lateral ventricle walls. Long-term ventricular EGF infusion for 6d, 1. increased cell proliferation of both ventricle walls revealing a gradient along the rostro-caudal axis, 2. altered the balance between neuronal and macroglial cell fates to generate oligodendrocyte precursors and 3. lead to an entire remodelling of the classical architecture of the SEZ.Die Entwicklung des zentralen Nervensystems (ZNS) von Säugern ist geprägt von Proliferation, Migration und der Differenzierung neu gebildeter Zellen. Nach der Entwicklung des ZNS gehen weite Teile des Säugerhirns in ein postmitotisches Stadium über, in dem keine Zellteilung mehr stattfindet (Brazel et al. 2003). Allerdings verbleiben im ZNS von Säugern mindestens zwei Regionen, die die Fähigkeit zur Zellproliferation im adulten Gehirn beibehalten: die subependymale Zone der Seitenventrikel (SEZ) und die subgranuläre Zone des Hippokampus (SGL) (Kempermann et al. 1997, Doetsch et al. 1997). Beide neurogene Regionen werden durch ein hoch spezialisiertes Milieu definiert, in dem ein Zusammenspiel aus multiplen Faktoren eine lebenslange kontinuierliche Nervenzellbildung ermöglicht (Riquelme et al. 2008). In diesen Nischen befinden sich langsam proliferierende, primäre Stammzellen, die eine sich schnell teilende Zellpopulation hervorbringen. Diese Zellen generieren neuronal determinierte Zellen, sogenannte Neuroblasten, die dann in ihre jeweilige Zielregion einwandern. Nach einer Selektionsphase, in der ein Teil der neu gebildeten Nervenzellen in Apoptose geht, integrieren sich die überlebenden Neuroblasten in das bestehende neuronale Netzwerk (Ming and Song 2005). Neuroblasten, die in der SEZ gebildet wurden, wandern entlang des sogenannten rostralen Migrationsstroms in die olfaktorischen Bulbi ein und differenzieren sich dort nach radialer Auswanderung zu granulären und periglomerulären Interneuronen (Mirzadeh et al. 2008). Die Neuroblasten der SGL migrieren lediglich einige Zellschichten tief von der subgranulären Schicht in die granuläre Schicht des Hippokampus, wo sie zu Körnerzellen reifen (Kempermann et al. 2004). Die adulte Neurogenese besteht demnach aus einer Folge von Ereignissen, die in Teilprozesse wie Proliferation, Determinierung, Überleben, Differenzierung und Integration der jungen Nervenzellen unterteilt werden können (Ming and Song 2005). Welche Faktoren diese einzelnen Schritte regulieren, ist bis dato nur unzureichend erkannt. Die in dieser Arbeit untersuchten purinergen Signalmechanismen über extrazelluläre Nukleotide und Wachstumsfaktorsysteme (wie der epidermale Wachstumsfaktor, EGF) stellen potentielle Kandidaten dar..
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
No full textWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Author, publisher and bookseller : a tripartite synergy in Nigerian book industry
No full textThis work is about the roles of Author, Publisher and Bookseller in Book development in
Nigeria. The paper started by delving into the history of Book Publishing in Nigeria after
which it proceeded by defining who an author, a publisher, and a bookseller is and
expatiated on the indispensable roles of these key actors in Nigerian Book Industry and in
the emerging Information Society. Furthermore, the various constraints to book
development were identified while the paper advised on how the Book Industry can be
further promoted in Nigeria. However, the paper concluded and made recommendations
on how the Book sector can help in enhancing scholarship in the country
The Thursday Murder Club: Launching a megabrand author - a publishing case study
No full textIn 2020, the Christmas book charts in the UK made headlines: Barack Obama’s eagerly awaited autobiography, The Promised Land, was beaten to the top spot by The Thursday Murder Club by Richard Osman, a debut cosy crime novel set in a retirement village. Not only did Osman’s book beat the former US president’s expected bestseller, it also broke records, becoming the fastest-selling debut crime novel of all time. Although Osman has a certain level of fame in the UK from his TV appearances on shows such as Pointless, his celebrity status does not entirely explain the novel’s huge sales. This article tracks the acquisition, publication, and promotion journey of The Thursday Murder Club in order to understand the industry and cultural context of its success and to interrogate the role of celebrity in the creation of author brands. The findings suggest that the unexpected scale of the success of the book owed to a number of factors, including in-depth editing by the novel’s agent, editor, and author to tighten up the plot, an extensive and strategic promotional campaign, the pandemic (which drove interest in the book’s genre and themes), and the quality of the writing. We find that the book’s success was accentuated by Osman’s celebrity status rather than being entirely reliant on it. This research adds to the growing scholarship on celebrity authorship by means of an in-depth case study and provides insight into the processes behind publishing a ‘celebrity’ book and launching a megabrand author
Smoothing methods for the analysis of mortality development
No full textLa mortalidad, entendida como el riesgo de muerte, cambia con la edad, y además presenta cambios sistemticos con el tiempo, al menos durante los últimos 150 años. Comprender la dinámica de la mortalidad con respecto a la edad y al tiempo es un aspecto esencial de la demografía, ya que estos factores son las fuerzas que rigen los cambios en las problaciones. El continuo descenso de la mortalidad, y por lo tanto, el aumento de la longevidad, tiene importantes consecuencias, tanto para el individuo, como para la sociedad en su conjunto. En el primer capítulo de esta tesis, se hace una revisión de los modelos clásicos que han venido siendo utilizados con el objetivo de capturar los cambios en mortalidad. Estos modelos abarcan desde las distribuciones paramétricas clásicas de Gomperz y Makeman, que sólo estudian los cambios en mortalidad de edades adultas, hasta los modelos de edad-periodo-cohorte, que sufren de problemas de identificabilidad. Como alternativa, el modelo bilineal introducido por Lee y Carter es considerado como el modelo estándar con el que nuevos modelos han de ser comparados. El punto de partida de esta tesis son lo métodos de suavizado bidimensionales para datos de conteo que siguen una distrbución de Poisson, en concreto, los splines con penalizaciones o P- splines que se presentan en el segundo capítulo. En el caso unidimensional, este enfoque combina un número apropiado de bases de B-splines con una penalización sobre los coeficientes. Por un lado, los B-splines proporcionan la suficiente flexibilidad para capturar las tendencias presentes en los datos; y por otro, la penalización, aplicada sobre los coeficientes vecinos, aseguran la suavidad y reducen el número de parámetros, además de evitar los problemas de selección de número de nodos y el uso del método de backfitting. Los P-splines pueden entenderse como una genaralización de los modelos de regresión, en la que los B-splines actúan como regresores. El método de mínimos cuadrados (en el caso de datos normales), o el IRLS (iteratively reweighted least-squares para el caso generalizado) han sido modificados e incluyen la penalización controlada por un parámetro, el parámetro de suavizado. La penalización utilizada, está basada en una matriz de diferencias de order d (en general, d = 2), y fijado el parámetro de suavizado, los parámetros de regresión se estiman de modo sencillo, de forma simular al modelo clásico de regresión. En este mismo capítulo se muestra el cálculo de los errores estándar y los residuos asociados modelos de P-splines y se hace una revisión de los residuos más utilizados en el caso de datos de Poisson. Se propone el uso de los mapas de contorno de los residuos con respecto a la edad y año de muerte para localizar las zonas en las que los modelos utilizados no son capaces de capturar las tendencias, y poder así detectar aspectos demográficos interesantes. Mediante el uso de estas técnicas se ha demostrado que los P-splines capturan las tendencias de mortalidad de forma más propiada que los modelos de Lee-Carter, a pesar de que el número de parámetros utilizados en los modelos de P-splines es muy inferior al utilizado por estos últimos. El hecho de que el tamaño de las muestras con las que se trabaja sea grande, afecta de forma significativa a la inferencia, los intervalos de confianza son muy estrechos, y las medidas de bondad de ajuste usuales no aportan ninguna información, y por lo tanto, no son capaces de discriminar entre modelos de distinta complejidad. En el tercer capítulo de la tesis se proponen medias alternativas de bondad de ajuste. Primero se adaptan las medidas existentes, como el R2 en el caso Normal, al caso de datos provenientes de familias exponenciales. La reducción proporcional de la incertidumbre debida a la inclusión de nuevos regresores en el modelo está basada en la divergencia de Kullback-Leibler. Además, se proponen medidas del tipo R2 en el contexto de los P-splines, en concreto, se utiliza la relación entre el número de parámetros de un modelo y su dimensión efectiva para derivar una medida R2 para modelos de suavizado. La idea básica ha sido considerar un modelo distinto bajo la hipótesis nula, que sea más apropiado para el caso de datos de mortalidad. Este modelo, es lineal o bilineal para el caso de datos unidimensionales y bidimensionales respectivamente. Se ha demostrado que el modelo bilineal está anidado en un modelo de P-splines, así como en un modelo de Lee-Carter, esta demostración está basada en la representación de los P-splines como modelos mixtos, y en el hecho de que la parte fija del modelo, corresponde con un modelos lineal o bilineal. Además se ha estudiado la relación entre esta nueva medida de bondad de ajuste y los métodos anteriormente mencionados (AIC, BIC), probándose que es muy similar al AIC. El comportamiento de esta medida ha sido evaluado mediante un ejercicio de simulación y con el análisis de datos procedentes del Human Mortality Database (HMD), en ambos casos, los modelos de P-splines dieron un mejor ajuste de los datos que los modelos de Lee-Carter. En el cuarto capítulo se aborda un problema recurrente cuando se trabaja con datos históricos de mortalidad, o con países donde se recogen pocos datos, es la preferencia por dígitos, es decir, la tendencia a redondear números en torno a ciertos dígitos, en particular, en la distribución de muertes por edad aparecen picos en números que terminan en 0 (a veces en 5). Para solucionar este problema se ha propuesto un modelo que combina los conceptos de verosimilitud penalizada con el de modelos con función enlace compuesta: composite link models. Estos modelos permiten describir el modo en que la distribución latente de muertes por edad se mezcla con la preferencia de dígitos, mediante la redistribución de ciertos datos en torno a las edades preferidas, de modo que la distribución que se obtiene es preciamente la observada. La única restricción impuesta a la distribución latente es que sea suave, y se impone mediante una penalización similar a la utilizada en el caso de los P-splines. La estimación del modelo se ha llevado a cabo mediante una generalización del algoritmo IRLS, que incluye la matriz en la que se representan las probabilidades de redistribución. Estos modelos se han generalizado al caso en el que la preferencia puede aparecer entre dígitos que son vecinos, de modo que la tendencia a redondear no tiene por qué ser la misma para dígitos que terminan en un mismo número, sino que puede variar con la edad, como ocurre frecuentemente en datos demográficos. Las aplicaciones con datos simulados y datos reales han demostrado que este nuevo enfoque proporciona resultados excepcionales (Camarda, Eilers y Gampe (2008b)). La reducción de la mortalidad a lo largo del tiempo puede considerarse como ganancia en esperanza de vida. Las muertes que ocurrían hace tiempo a edades tempranas, ocurren ahora mucho más tarde. Esta manera de describir la mejora en mortalidad se ocupa de la distribución de la edad de muerte (la densidad) en vez del riesgo. El capítulo quinto de esta tesis está dedicado al desarrollo de métodos que permitar encontrar una transformación del eje de la edad para transformar una distribución de muerte por edad en otra. Nuevamente, estos métodos se han basado en la hipótesis de suavidad de esta transformación. Se ha considerado una transformación no-lineal mediante un modelo que utiliza la idea de suavizado y deformación del eje de la edad, esto modelos han sido llamados: Warped Failure Time model (WaFT). La metodología propuesta se basa en la elección de una distribución objetivo que se supone fija, y se busca una transformación tal que, una vez transformado el eje de la edad, la densidad de la distribución observada se corresponde con la distribución objetivo. Se ha demostrado que el uso de los P-splines para representar la transformación permite controlar la suavidad de la misma de forma satisfactoria. Esta metodología ha sido extendida al caso en el que la distribución objetivo es desconocida, siendo estimada también mediante métodos de regresión no paramétrica. Los estudios de simulación han probado que los modelos WaFT pueden capturar transformaciones no-lineales, y el análisis de datos reales ha puesto de manifiesto que este tipo de modelos son necesarios, ya que una simple transformación lineal no es satisfactoria. En resumen, esta tesis ha demostrado la utilidad de los métodos de suavizado, en particular de los P-splines, para el análisis de varios aspectos de relacionados con la mortalidad. Se ha propuesto una nueva medida de la variabilidad explicada para comparar distintos modelos en el caso de superficies de mortalidad, y se han desarrollado dos nuevos modelos: uno cuyo objetivo es salvar los problemas de preferencia de dígitos que pueden aparecer cuando se cuantifica el número de muertes a una cierta edad; y otro que ofrece un modo alternativo de explorar los cambios en la mortalidad centrándose en la ganancia (o pérdida) en esperanza de vida, como altrenativa al estudio del riesgo. Ambos modelos pueden ser utilizados de forma inmediata en otros contextos. __________________________________________________________________Populations change through three processes: mortality, fertility, and migration. Changes in mortality contribute considerably to population dynamics and variation in the levels of mortality lead
to changes in the age distribution of the population. This has repercussions on almost all areas of
a society, including its health-care system, health and life insurance, as well as pension schemes.
The consequences of such transformations are also experienced on the more individual level such
as changing kinship sizes, marriage squeezes, the value of children, genetic disease, family living
arrangements and women's status.
Demographic research investigates levels and trends of mortality, fertility and migration processes and develops numerous techniques to measure and analyze them (Keyfitz and Caswell,
2005). While medical and epidemiological research usually deals with samples of moderate sizes,
including quite detailed information on the individual level, demographic studies often use data
on whole populations, or large subgroups within populations, with only a few, if any, additional
covariates available. Hence demographic mortality studies are often performed on an aggregate
level of analysis.
During the last decades, statistical perspective on demographic and mortality developments
has received increased attention. This interest has lead to statistical techniques for modeling the
data generation process that gave rise to demographic observations. Along this line of research,
this dissertation attempts to further bridge the gap between demography and statistics, proposing
novel statistical methods for investigating mortality processes on an aggregate level. The focus
is on smoothing methods, in particular with regard to appropriate measures of fit for large samples, models based on transforming age-at-death distributions, and modeling digit preferences via
smooth latent distributions.
The first chapter reviews traditional and well-established models in mortality analysis. First,
source and structure of the mortality data used in this dissertation are introduced. The Lexis
diagram is presented as a standard tool for summarizing demographic data. The fundamental
Poisson assumption for the total number of deaths over a specified age- and year-interval will
be introduced. Over the last two centuries, researchers aimed at reducing the dimensionality
of the data to a smaller number of parameters by directly modeling some of the systematic
patterns demographers have uncovered. Simple models for portraying mortality over age, and
more sophisticated approaches for modeling mortality over both age and times will be reviewed
in detail toward the end of the chapter.
Overparameterization is a typical feature in recent demographic models. The use of such an
amount of parameters may often seem unnecessary. Therefore, smoothing approaches are a natural alternative to analyzing mortality over age and time. Chapter 2 introduces smoothing methods in
a demographic context. Among di®erent methods, the so-called P-splines are particularly suitable
for two-dimensional regression contexts. Introduced by Eilers and Marx (1996), this approach is
well-established as a means of smoothing Poisson data such as death counts. The chapter gives a
detailed introduction in both one- and two-dimensional settings. Particular emphasis is given to
residual analysis and measurement of the variability for P-splines in a demographic context.
Mortality data on an aggregate level are characterized by (very) large sample sizes. For
this reason, uninformative outcomes are evident in common goodness-of-fit measures. Following
a review of the common measures of goodness-of-fit, Chapter 3 proposes a new measure that
allows comparison of di®erent mortality models even for large sample sizes. Particularly, we will
propose a new measure which uses a null model specifically designed for mortality data. Several
simulation studies and actual applications will demonstrate the performances of this new measure
with special emphasis on previously introduced demographic models and P-spline approach.
The mentioned Poisson assumption can be relatively strong in demographic data and, in peculiar situations, the presence of overdispersion cannot be neglected. Digit preference, a tendency
to round counts to pleasant digits, is a typical source of overdispersion for mortality data. Chapter 4 presents a new approach for dealing with this issue. In the last part of the chapter, we will
propose a generalization of the original model which allows more general patterns of misreporting.
Simulation studies and actual applications will be used to test both the original and the extended
version of the model.
In Chapter 5, we consider a new approach to analyzing mortality data in a di®erent way. This
model operates directly on the probability density function of the life-times instead of the more
common consideration of the hazard function. It can be considered an extension of the accelerated
failure time model for comparison of density functions. With this model, one can study how the
time-axis would have to be transformed so that one age-at death distribution conforms to another.
Smoothing methodologies are employed for describing and estimating the transformation function.
Simulated and actual examples illustrate the performances of this model, which allows alternative
interpretations of observed mortality development over time.
A brief critical discussion of the various methods and models proposed in the dissertation is
given in the final Chapter
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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