1,721,083 research outputs found
The Contribution of Poliomyelitis to President Roosevelt’s Heart Failure. A Lesson on the Importance of Vaccinations for Cardiovascular Prevention
No full textFranklin Delano Roosevelt (1882–1945, Fig. 1), 32nd President
of the United States of America, is remembered as one
of the key leaders of the Allies in their struggle against the
Axis Powers in WW2. A brilliant politician, he managed to
restore America’s economic power and prosperity following
the Great Depression through his New Deal (1933–1937).
Despite his political and military success, his life had been
crippled by physical disability since the summer of 1921
when, aged 39, he was diagnosed with a paralytic illness
gripping his lower limbs up to the thigh, forcing him onto
a wheelchair
The history of pertussis: from an ancient scourge to a contemporary health burden
Full text linkThe present article offers a historical overview on pertussis (whooping cough) by analysing the ancient epidemic manifestations of the disease and the path towards the discovery of an effective vaccine against it. The original mentions of pertussis are examined with reference to Mediaeval Afghanistan and the famous AD 1578 Paris epidemic described by the French physician Guillaume de Baillou. The historical data are then matched with information derived from analyses of phylogenetic trees of B. pertussis. Finally, this article also highlights some recent challenges posed to public health by this infectious disease
Measles-induced immune amnesia likely recorded in the 18th century
No full textMeasles induces a post-critical immunological amnesia in patients.-In the past, this was attributed to inanition arising from malnutrition.-Recent molecular studies demonstrated the basis for the measles-induced amnesia.-Francis Home likely described measles-induced immune amnesia already in the 18th century AD
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Aortic coarctation in a WW1 soldier? Looking back at military medicine during WW1 through a rediscovered case report
No full textProfessor Edoardo Maragliano (1849-1940), a distinguished Italian clinician and physician who lived between the second half of the 19th century and the first half of the 20th century, illustrated a complex cardiovascular case of uncertain interpretation to medical students during the First World War. On the basis of current knowledge, a novel interpretation is proposed to better frame the historically important case
Discover the anatomy of the mummies: how imaging techniques contribute to understanding disease in the past
Full text linkMummies are the well-preserved remains of humans or animals in which
non-bony tissue has been maintained naturally or artifi cially. Th eir signifi cance lies
in their contribution to paleopathological research, which involves understanding the
history and evolution of diseases and providing insights into past populations’ cultural and social practices. In recent years, mummies studies used nondestructive methods, including modern imaging techniques, to assess the main pathological features of
these unique human remains. Th is mini-review focuses on the role of paleoradiology
in mummies’ studies and describes the history of mummy radiography and CT scanning over the last fi ft een years. Th e search strategy was conducted between January
and April 2023. One thousand one hundred twenty-four records (1124) were initially
identifi ed, and 52 studies were assessed for qualitative synthesis. Th ree main themes
and four subthemes were identifi ed, providing a general overview of the role of paleoradiology or off ering methodological guidelines. Also, subthemes assessed the role that
the use of radiology has in the diagnosis of specifi c pathologies. Th erefore, imaging
techniques in ancient human remains might help understand the history and evolution
of past and present diseases and their risk factors
Michelangelo Buonarroti's Alleged Goiter: Anatomical Fact or Literary Misinterpretation?
No full textMichelangelo Buonarroti (1475-1564) is rightly regarded as one of the most important artists of the 15th and 16th centuries; one of the very icons of the Italian Renaissance. Besides his artistic masterpieces, Michelangelo’s production is alsocompellingly represented in his written works: Rhymes (Rime) and Letters (Lettere)
Unique Osteoid Osteoma of the Frontal Sinus From the Late Roman Empire
No full textThe paper is a report of a unique case of a tumor - a case of Osteoid Osteoma - in an ancient skeleton from the cemetery of Pianotta di Calatabiano (Eastern Sicily), dating to the Late Roman Period
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
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